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Class imbalance in a dataset is one of the major challenges that can significantly impact the performance of machine learning models resulting in biased predictions. Numerous techniques have been proposed to address class imbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Md Manjurul Ahsan , Md Shahin Ali , Zahed Siddique

Data-driven fault diagnostics and prognostics suffers from class-imbalance problem in industrial systems and it raises challenges to common machine learning algorithms as it becomes difficult to learn the features of the minority class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Wenfang Lin , Zhenyu Wu , Yang Ji

Imbalanced datasets, where one class significantly outnumbers others, remain a persistent challenge in machine learning, often biasing predictions toward the majority class and degrading classifier performance. This paper provides a…

Synthetic oversampling of minority examples using SMOTE and its variants is a leading strategy for addressing imbalanced classification problems. Despite the success of this approach in practice, its theoretical foundations remain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-24 Touqeer Ahmad , Mohammadreza M. Kalan , François Portier , Gilles Stupfler

This paper introduces a novel oversampling technique designed to improve classification performance on imbalanced datasets. The proposed method enhances the traditional SMOTE algorithm by incorporating convex combination and kernel-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Wenjie Li , Sibo Zhu , Zhijian Li , Hanlin Wang

A key challenge of oversampling in imbalanced classification is that the generation of new minority samples often neglects the usage of majority classes, resulting in most new minority sampling spreading the whole minority space. In view of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Hao Luo , Li Liu

Class imbalance and group (e.g., race, gender, and age) imbalance are acknowledged as two reasons in data that hinder the trade-off between fairness and utility of machine learning classifiers. Existing techniques have jointly addressed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Ryosuke Sonoda

Machine learning classifiers often stumble over imbalanced datasets where classes are not equally represented. This inherent bias towards the majority class may result in low accuracy in labeling minority class. Imbalanced learning is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Wenhao Zhang , Ramin Ramezani , Arash Naeim

Imbalanced classification and spurious correlation are common challenges in data science and machine learning. Both issues are linked to data imbalance, with certain groups of data samples significantly underrepresented, which in turn would…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Ryumei Nakada , Yichen Xu , Lexin Li , Linjun Zhang

Class imbalance in a dataset is a major problem for classifiers that results in poor prediction with a high true positive rate (TPR) but a low true negative rate (TNR) for a majority positive training dataset. Generally, the pre-processing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Anuraganand Sharma , Prabhat Kumar Singh , Rohitash Chandra

Handling imbalanced datasets is a challenging problem that if not treated correctly results in reduced classification performance. Imbalanced datasets are commonly handled using minority oversampling, whereas the SMOTE algorithm is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-25 Xi Zhang , Di Ma , Lin Gan , Shanshan Jiang , Gady Agam

Class imbalance in binary classification tasks remains a significant challenge in machine learning, often resulting in poor performance on minority classes. This study comprehensively evaluates three widely-used strategies for handling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Mohamed Abdelhamid , Abhyuday Desai

Data imbalance, that is the disproportion between the number of training observations coming from different classes, remains one of the most significant challenges affecting contemporary machine learning. The negative impact of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Michał Koziarski

Oversampling is one of the most widely used approaches for addressing imbalanced classification. The core idea is to generate additional minority samples to rebalance the dataset. Most existing methods, such as SMOTE, require converting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Dang Nguyen , Sunil Gupta , Kien Do , Thin Nguyen , Taylor Braund , Alexis Whitton , Svetha Venkatesh

Class imbalance refers to the significant difference in the number of samples from different classes within a dataset, making it challenging to identify minority class samples correctly. This issue is prevalent in real-world classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Yi-Yang Shangguan , Shi-Shun Chen , Xiao-Yang Li

Imbalanced datasets present a significant challenge for machine learning models, often leading to biased predictions. To address this issue, data augmentation techniques are widely used in natural language processing (NLP) to generate new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Gabriel O. Assunção , Rafael Izbicki , Marcos O. Prates

Imbalanced data, where the positive samples represent only a small proportion compared to the negative samples, makes it challenging for classification problems to balance the false positive and false negative rates. A common approach to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-17 Pengfei Lyu , Zhengchi Ma , Linjun Zhang , Anru R. Zhang

Text classification is the task of automatically assigning text documents correct labels from a predefined set of categories. In real-life (text) classification tasks, observations and misclassification costs are often unevenly distributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Aleksi Avela , Pauliina Ilmonen

Given imbalanced data, it is hard to train a good classifier using deep learning because of the poor generalization of minority classes. Traditionally, the well-known synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) for data augmentation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Wei-Chao Cheng , Tan-Ha Mai , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Classification imbalance arises when one class is much rarer than the other. We frame this setting as transfer learning under label (prior) shift between an imbalanced source distribution induced by the observed data and a balanced target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-16 Eric Xia , Jason M. Klusowski