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Answering counterfactual queries has important applications such as explainability, robustness, and fairness but is challenging when the causal variables are unobserved and the observations are non-linear mixtures of these latent variables,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zeyu Zhou , Ruqi Bai , Sean Kulinski , Murat Kocaoglu , David I. Inouye

Understanding directed temporal interactions in multivariate time series is essential for interpreting complex dynamical systems and the predictive models trained on them. We present Causal-INSIGHT, a model-agnostic, post-hoc interpretation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Benjamin Redden , Hui Wang , Shuyan Li

Causal discovery from time series data encompasses many existing solutions, including those based on deep learning techniques. However, these methods typically do not endorse one of the most prevalent paradigms in deep learning: End-to-end…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Gideon Stein , Maha Shadaydeh , Joachim Denzler

We introduce a transfer learning framework for regression that leverages heterogeneous source domains to improve predictive performance in a data-scarce target domain. Our approach learns a conditional generative model separately for each…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Yikun Zhang , Steven Wilkins-Reeves , Wesley Lee , Aude Hofleitner

Time-series representation learning can extract representations from data with temporal dynamics and sparse labels. When labeled data are sparse but unlabeled data are abundant, contrastive learning, i.e., a framework to learn a latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Heejeong Choi , Pilsung Kang

The recent developments of deep learning models that capture complex temporal patterns of crop phenology have greatly advanced crop classification from Satellite Image Time Series (SITS). However, when applied to target regions spatially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Joachim Nyborg , Charlotte Pelletier , Sébastien Lefèvre , Ira Assent

This study investigates how conditional normalizing flows can be applied to remote sensing data products in climate science for spatio-temporal prediction. The method is chosen due to its desired properties such as exact likelihood…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Christina Winkler , David Rolnick

Producing probabilistic forecasts for large collections of similar and/or dependent time series is a practically relevant and challenging task. Classical time series models fail to capture complex patterns in the data, and multivariate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-30 Yuyang Wang , Alex Smola , Danielle C. Maddix , Jan Gasthaus , Dean Foster , Tim Januschowski

Deep Neural Networks have spearheaded remarkable advancements in time series forecasting (TSF), one of the major tasks in time series modeling. Nonetheless, the non-stationarity of time series undermines the reliability of pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 HyunGi Kim , Siwon Kim , Jisoo Mok , Sungroh Yoon

Conformal prediction has been explored as a general and efficient way to provide uncertainty quantification for time series. However, current methods struggle to handle time series data with change points - sudden shifts in the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sophia Sun , Rose Yu

Classical machine learning assumes that the training and test sets come from the same distributions. Therefore, a model learned from the labeled training data is expected to perform well on the test data. However, This assumption may not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Abolfazl Farahani , Sahar Voghoei , Khaled Rasheed , Hamid R. Arabnia

Time-series causal discovery methods rely on assumptions such as stationarity, regular sampling, and bounded temporal dependence. When these assumptions are violated, structure learning can produce confident but misleading causal graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Marco Ruiz , Miguel Arana-Catania , David R. Ardila , Rodrigo Ventura

On time-series data, most causal discovery methods fit a new model whenever they encounter samples from a new underlying causal graph. However, these samples often share relevant information which is lost when following this approach.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Sindy Löwe , David Madras , Richard Zemel , Max Welling

We develop an algorithm to improve the performance of a pre-trained model under concept shift without retraining the model from scratch when only unannotated samples of initial concepts are accessible. We model this problem as a domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Mohammad Rostami , Aram Galstyan

The Transformer is a highly successful deep learning model that has revolutionised the world of artificial neural networks, first in natural language processing and later in computer vision. This model is based on the attention mechanism…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Riccardo Ughi , Eugenio Lomurno , Matteo Matteucci

Large time series models (LTMs) have emerged as powerful tools for universal forecasting, yet they often struggle with the inherent diversity and nonstationarity of real-world time series data, leading to an unsatisfactory trade-off between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yunzhong Qiu , Zhiyao Cen , Zhongyi Pei , Chen Wang , Jianmin Wang

In the context of supervised statistical learning, it is typically assumed that the training set comes from the same distribution that draws the test samples. When this is not the case, the behavior of the learned model is unpredictable and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Antonio-Javier Gallego , Jorge Calvo-Zaragoza , Robert B. Fisher

Most research designing novel predictive models, or employing existing ones, assumes that training and testing data are independent and identically distributed. In practice, the data encountered at serving time often deviate from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Hanyu Duan , Yi Yang , Ahmed Abbasi , Kar Yan Tam

Temporal domain generalization is a promising yet extremely challenging area where the goal is to learn models under temporally changing data distributions and generalize to unseen data distributions following the trends of the change. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Guangji Bai , Chen Ling , Liang Zhao

Given a causal graph representing the data-generating process shared across different domains/distributions, enforcing sufficient graph-implied conditional independencies can identify domain-general (non-spurious) feature representations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Olawale Salaudeen , Sanmi Koyejo