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Related papers: Complexity of natural numbers

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In contrast to finite arithmetic configurations, relatively little is known about which infinite patterns can be found in every set of natural numbers with positive density. Building on recent advances showing infinite sumsets can be found,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-15 Bryna Kra , Joel Moreira , Florian K. Richter , Donald Robertson

A measure of complexity based on a probabilistic description of physical systems is proposed. This measure incorporates the main features of the intuitive notion of such a magnitude. It can be applied to many physical situations and to…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-07 Ricardo Lopez-Ruiz , Hector Mancini , Xavier Calbet

A decomposition of a natural number n is a sequence of consecutive natural numbers that sums to n. We construct a one-to-one correspondence between the odd factors of a natural number and its decompositions. We study the decompositions by…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Wai Yan Pong

In this paper some new ways of generalizing perfect numbers are investigated, numerical results are presented and some conjectures are established.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-08-03 Antal Bege , Kinga Fogarasi

In this article some difficulties are deduced from the set of natural numbers. By using the method of transfinite recursion we define an iterative process which is designed to deduct all the non-greatest elements of the set of natural…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2013-12-18 Qiu Kui Zhang

The article attempts to demonstrate the rich history of one truly remarkable problem situated at the confluence of probability theory and theory of numbers - finding the probability of co-primality of two randomly selected natural numbers.…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2017-04-12 Sergei Abramovich , Yakov Yu. Nikitin

This paper gives an overview on and summarizes existing complexity and algorithmic results of some variants of the Stable Marriage and the Stable Roommates problems. The last section defines a list of stable matching problems mentioned in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Jiehua Chen

We consider different generalizations of the Euler formula and discuss the properties of the associated trigonometric functions. The problem is analyzed from different points of view and it is shown that it can be formulated in a natural…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2011-03-15 D. Babusci , G. Dattoli , E. Di Palma , E. Sabia

This paper presents a new representation of natural numbers and discusses its consequences for computability and computational complexity. The paper argues that the introduction of the first Peano axiom in the traditional definition of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-04-14 Stefan Jaeger

This note is concerned in so called harmonic complex structures introduced by the author previously. I will recall some previous results and emphasize the motivation: Provide an attempt to a fundamental problem in geometry--determining the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-10-27 Jianming Wan

Two examples, not connected at present, from author's papers (Nuovo Cim., 1992, v.105A, p.77 [hep-th/0207210] and GRG, 1999, v.31, p.1431 [gr-qc/0207017]) are considered here in which a physical model has discrete symmetries and additional…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael A. Ivanov

This is an expository paper about the Borel complexity of structure and classification theorems. It sorts several classical problems relative to known benchmarks of complexity. As a corollary various problems proposed by people such as von…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Matthew Foreman

G. Edelman, O. Sporns, and G. Tononi have introduced the neural complexity of a family of random variables, defining it as a specific average of mutual information over subfamilies. We show that their choice of weights satisfies two natural…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-12-21 Jerome Buzzi , Lorenzo Zambotti

The original version of the paper was published in Contemporary Mathematics 378 ``Groups, Languages, Algorithms''; 2005, pp. 319-348. This is a modified version with Appendix that holds a corrected formulation of Proposition 4.1.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 E. S. Esyp , I. V. Kazachkov , V. N. Remeslennikov

The question of integer complexity asks about the minimal number of $1$'s that are needed to express a positive integer using only addition and multiplication (and parentheses). In this paper, we propose the notion of $l$-complexity of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Pengcheng Zhang

We suggest new types and interpretation of complex and hypercomplex numbers for which the commutative, associative, and distributive laws and the norm axioms are trivially satisfied.

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2009-03-26 Alexander I. Zhbanov

Prime numbers are fascinating by the way they appear in the set of natural numbers. Despite several results enlighting us about their repartition, the set of prime numbers is often informally qualified as misterious. In the present paper,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Arnaud Mayeux

We give a broad survey of recent results in Enumerative Combinatorics and their complexity aspects.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-03 Igor Pak

We develop a theory of complexity for numerical computations that takes into account the condition of the input data and allows for roundoff in the computations. We follow the lines of the theory developed by Blum, Shub, and Smale for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-06-09 Felipe Cucker

A new simple geometrical interpretation of complex numbers is presented. It differs from their usual interpretation as points in the complex plane. From the new point of view the complex numbers are rather operations on vectors than points.…

Physics Education · Physics 2008-02-05 Jaroslaw Zalesny