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Various regularized linear discriminant analysis (LDA) methods have been proposed to address the problems of the classic methods in high-dimensional settings. Asymptotic optimality has been established for some of these methods in high…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-08-06 Ruiyan Luo , Xin Qi

Class imbalance poses a significant challenge to supervised classification, particularly in critical domains like medical diagnostics and anomaly detection where minority class instances are rare. While numerous studies have explored…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Ali Nawaz , Amir Ahmad , Shehroz S. Khan

Despite extensive research spanning several decades, class imbalance is still considered a profound difficulty for both machine learning and deep learning models. While data oversampling is the foremost technique to address this issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Sukumar Kishanthan , Asela Hevapathige

There are many real-world classification problems wherein the issue of data imbalance (the case when a data set contains substantially more samples for one/many classes than the rest) is unavoidable. While under-sampling the problematic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-09 John McKay , Isaac Gerg , Vishal Monga

Class imbalance in binary classification tasks remains a significant challenge in machine learning, often resulting in poor performance on minority classes. This study comprehensively evaluates three widely-used strategies for handling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Mohamed Abdelhamid , Abhyuday Desai

In many real-world pattern recognition scenarios, such as in medical applications, the corresponding classification tasks can be of an imbalanced nature. In the current study, we focus on binary, imbalanced classification tasks, i.e.~binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Peter Bellmann , Heinke Hihn , Daniel A. Braun , Friedhelm Schwenker

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is a widely-used supervised dimensionality reduction method in computer vision and pattern recognition. In null space based LDA (NLDA), a well-known LDA extension, between-class distance is maximized in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Shuai Zheng , Feiping Nie , Chris Ding , Heng Huang

In recent years many sparse linear discriminant analysis methods have been proposed for high-dimensional classification and variable selection. However, most of these proposals focus on binary classification and they are not directly…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-04-23 Qing Mai , Yi Yang , Hui Zou

Class imbalance is a common problem in the case of real-world object detection and classification tasks. Data of some classes is abundant making them an over-represented majority, and data of other classes is scarce, making them an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-24 Salman H. Khan , Munawar Hayat , Mohammed Bennamoun , Ferdous Sohel , Roberto Togneri

Handling imbalance in class distribution when building a classifier over tabular data has been a problem of long-standing interest. One popular approach is augmenting the training dataset with synthetically generated data. While classical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Annie D'souza , Swetha M , Sunita Sarawagi

Training of deep neural networks heavily depends on the data distribution. In particular, the networks easily suffer from class imbalance. The trained networks would recognize the frequent classes better than the infrequent classes. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Byungju Kim , Junmo Kim

As the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models expands into critical real-world applications, ensuring the explainability of these models becomes paramount, particularly in sensitive fields such as medicine and finance. Linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Tuan L. Vo , Uyen Dang , Thu Nguyen

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) has been a useful tool in pattern recognition and data analysis research and practice. While linearity of class boundaries cannot always be expected, nonlinear projections through pre-trained deep neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Jiahui Liu , Xiaohao Cai , Mahesan Niranjan

In many application domains such as medicine, information retrieval, cybersecurity, social media, etc., datasets used for inducing classification models often have an unequal distribution of the instances of each class. This situation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Mohamed S. Kraiem , Fernando Sánchez-Hernández , María N. Moreno-García

Class imbalance, which is also called long-tailed distribution, is a common problem in classification tasks based on machine learning. If it happens, the minority data will be overwhelmed by the majority, which presents quite a challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Jia-Chen Zhao

Class imbalance is a characteristic known for making learning more challenging for classification models as they may end up biased towards the majority class. A promising approach among the ensemble-based methods in the context of imbalance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Mariana A. Souza , Robert Sabourin , George D. C. Cavalcanti , Rafael M. O. Cruz

Despite the success of deep neural networks in medical image classification, the problem remains challenging as data annotation is time-consuming, and the class distribution is imbalanced due to the relative scarcity of diseases. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Zhongzheng Huang , Jiawei Wu , Tao Wang , Zuoyong Li , Anastasia Ioannou

Discriminant analysis, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), is a popular approach to classification problems. It is well known that LDA is suboptimal to analyze heteroscedastic data, for…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-17 Ruiyang Wu , Ning Hao

Data rebalancing techniques, including oversampling and undersampling, are a common approach to addressing the challenges of imbalanced data. To tackle unresolved problems related to both oversampling and undersampling, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Karen Medlin , Sven Leyffer , Krishnan Raghavan

Class imbalance poses a significant challenge in classification tasks, where traditional approaches often lead to biased models and unreliable predictions. Undersampling and oversampling techniques have been commonly employed to address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Matt Clifford , Jonathan Erskine , Alexander Hepburn , Raúl Santos-Rodríguez , Dario Garcia-Garcia