Related papers: The solar internetwork. III. Unipolar versus bipol…
The current study aims to quantify characteristic features of bipolar flux appearance of solar intranetwork (IN) magnetic elements. To attack such a problem, we use the Narrow-band Filter Imager (NFI) magnetograms from the Solar Optical…
Small-scale internetwork magnetic fields are important ingredients of the quiet Sun. In this paper we analyze how they appear and disappear on the solar surface. Using high resolution Hinode magnetograms, we follow the evolution of…
Internetwork (IN) magnetic fields are highly dynamic, short-lived magnetic structures that populate the interior of supergranular cells. Since they emerge all over the Sun, these small-scale fields bring a substantial amount of flux, and…
The magnetic network observed on the solar surface harbors a sizable fraction of the total quiet Sun flux. However, its origin and maintenance are not well known. Here we investigate the contribution of internetwork magnetic fields to the…
Small-scale, newly emerging internetwork (IN) magnetic fields are considered a viable source of energy and mass for the solar chromosphere and possibly the corona. Multiple studies show that single events of flux emergence can indeed…
It is now well established that the quiet Sun contains in total more magnetic flux than active regions and represents an important reservoir of magnetic energy. But the nature and evolution of these fields remain largely unknown. We…
When the polarimetric sensitivity and the angular resolution exceed a threshold, magnetic fields show up almost everywhere on the solar surface. Here I revise the observational properties of the weakest polarization signals, which appear in…
Although the magnetic fields in the quiet Sun account for the majority of the magnetic energy in the solar photosphere, inferring their exact spatial distribution, origin, and evolution poses an important challenge because the signals lie…
Solar inter-network magnetic field is the weakest component of solar magnetism, but contributes most of the solar surface magnetic flux. The study on its origin has been constrained by the inadequate tempo-spatial resolution and sensitivity…
We analyze a time series of high angular resolution magnetograms of quiet Sun Inter-Network (IN) magnetic fields. These magnetograms have a spatial resolution better than 0.5 arcsec, a noise of some 20 G, and they have been obtained at the…
Small bipolar magnetic features are observed to appear in the interior of individual granules in the quiet Sun, signaling the emergence of tiny magnetic loops from the solar interior. We study the origin of those features as part of the…
Solar activity is controlled by the magnetic field, which also causes the variability of the solar irradiance that in turn is thought to influence the climate on Earth. The magnetic field manifests itself in the form of structures of…
We study the emergence of magnetic flux at very small spatial scales (less than 2 arcsec) in the quiet Sun internetwork. To this aim, a time series of spectropolarimetric maps was taken at disk center using the instrument SP/SOT on board…
Small-scale internetwork (IN) features are thought to be the major source of fresh magnetic flux in the quiet Sun. During its first science flight in 2009, the balloon-borne observatory Sunrise captured images of the magnetic fields in the…
Small scale magnetic fields (magnetic elements) are ubiquitous in the solar photosphere. Their interaction can provide energy to the upper atmospheric layers, and contribute to heat the solar corona. In this work, the dynamic properties of…
Recent observations with the HINODE satellite have found abundant horizontal magnetic fields in the internetwork quiet Sun. We compare the results on the horizontal fields with ground-based observations. We obtained 30 sec-integrated data…
We analyze a time sequence of Inter-Network (IN) magnetograms observed at the solar disk center. Speckle reconstruction techniques provide a good spatial resolution (0.5" cutoff frequency) yet maintaining a fair sensitivity (some 20G).…
While the longitudinal field that dominates photospheric network regions has been studied extensively, small scale transverse fields have recently been found to be ubiquitous in the quiet internetwork photosphere. Few observations have…
We present spectro-polarimetric observations of Inter-Network magnetic fields at the solar disk center. A Fabry-Perot spectrometer was used to scan the two Fe I lines at 6301.5 A and 6302.5 A. High spatial resolution (0.5") magnetograms…
We investigate the emergence of magnetic flux in the quiet Sun at very small spatial scales, focusing on the magnetic connection between the photosphere and chromosphere. The observational data consist of spectropolarimetric measurements…