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Clustering is a widely used and powerful machine learning technique, but its effectiveness is often limited by the need to specify the number of clusters, k, or by relying on thresholds that implicitly determine k. We introduce k*-means, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Louis Mahon , Mirella Lapata

This paper shows that one can be competitive with the k-means objective while operating online. In this model, the algorithm receives vectors v_1,...,v_n one by one in an arbitrary order. For each vector the algorithm outputs a cluster…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-24 Edo Liberty , Ram Sriharsha , Maxim Sviridenko

Clustering serves as a vital tool for uncovering latent data structures, and achieving both high accuracy and interpretability is essential. To this end, existing methods typically construct binary decision trees by solving mixed-integer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hayato Suzuki , Shunnosuke Ikeda , Yuichi Takano

State-of-the-art clustering algorithms use heuristics to partition the feature space and provide little insight into the rationale for cluster membership, limiting their interpretability. In healthcare applications, the latter poses a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-04 Dimitris Bertsimas , Agni Orfanoudaki , Holly Wiberg

We propose a new algorithm for k-means clustering in a distributed setting, where the data is distributed across many machines, and a coordinator communicates with these machines to calculate the output clustering. Our algorithm guarantees…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Tom Hess , Ron Visbord , Sivan Sabato

The k-means clustering algorithm is a popular algorithm that partitions data into k clusters. There are many improvements to accelerate the standard algorithm. Most current research employs upper and lower bounds on point-to-cluster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Andreas Lang , Erich Schubert

k-means has recently been recognized as one of the best algorithms for clustering unsupervised data. Since k-means depends mainly on distance calculation between all data points and the centers, the time cost will be high when the size of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-08-08 Raied Salman , Vojislav Kecman , Qi Li , Robert Strack , Erik Test

$K$-means, a simple and effective clustering algorithm, is one of the most widely used algorithms in multimedia and computer vision community. Traditional $k$-means is an iterative algorithm---in each iteration new cluster centers are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-12-12 Jingdong Wang , Jing Wang , Qifa Ke , Gang Zeng , Shipeng Li

K-means (MacQueen, 1967) [1] is one of the simplest unsupervised learning algorithms that solve the well-known clustering problem. The procedure follows a simple and easy way to classify a given data set to a predefined, say K number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Srikanta Kolay , Kumar Sankar Ray , Abhoy Chand Mondal

$k$-means clustering is a well-studied problem due to its wide applicability. Unfortunately, there exist strong theoretical limits on the performance of any algorithm for the $k$-means problem on worst-case inputs. To overcome this barrier,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Jon C. Ergun , Zhili Feng , Sandeep Silwal , David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

The classical center based clustering problems such as $k$-means/median/center assume that the optimal clusters satisfy the locality property that the points in the same cluster are close to each other. A number of clustering problems arise…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-13 Anup Bhattacharya , Ragesh Jaiswal , Amit Kumar

We show that the RandomCoordinateCut algorithm gives the optimal competitive ratio for explainable k-medians in l1. The problem of explainable k-medians was introduced by Dasgupta, Frost, Moshkovitz, and Rashtchian in 2020. Several groups…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Konstantin Makarychev , Liren Shan

The popular K-means clustering algorithm potentially suffers from a major weakness for further analysis or interpretation. Some cluster may have disproportionately more (or fewer) points from one of the subpopulations in terms of some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Guancheng Zhou , Haiping Xu , Hongkang Xu , Chenyu Li , Donghui Yan

We consider the $k$-Clustering problem, which is for a given multiset of $n$ vectors $X\subset \mathbb{Z}^d$ and a nonnegative number $D$, to decide whether $X$ can be partitioned into $k$ clusters $C_1, \dots, C_k$ such that the cost…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Fedor V. Fomin , Petr A. Golovach , Kirill Simonov

Clustering is a key task in machine learning, with $k$-means being widely used for its simplicity and effectiveness. While 1D clustering is common, existing methods often fail to exploit the structure of 1D data, leading to inefficiencies.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Jake Hyun

This paper investigates the capability of correctly recovering well-separated clusters by various brands of the $k$-means algorithm. The concept of well-separatedness used here is derived directly from the common definition of clusters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Mieczysław A. Kłopotek

A combinatorial cost function for hierarchical clustering was introduced by Dasgupta \cite{dasgupta2016cost}. It has been generalized by Cohen-Addad et al. \cite{cohen2019hierarchical} to a general form named admissible function. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Yicheng Pan , Feng Zheng , Bingchen Fan

The $k$-$\mathtt{means}$++ seeding algorithm (Arthur & Vassilvitskii, 2007) is widely used in practice for the $k$-means clustering problem where the goal is to cluster a dataset $\mathcal{X} \subset \mathbb{R} ^d$ into $k$ clusters. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Poojan Shah , Shashwat Agrawal , Ragesh Jaiswal

We show that the popular k-means clustering algorithm (Lloyd's heuristic), used for a variety of scientific data, can result in outcomes that are unfavorable to subgroups of data (e.g., demographic groups). Such biased clusterings can have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Mehrdad Ghadiri , Samira Samadi , Santosh Vempala

One of the most popular clustering algorithms is the celebrated $D^\alpha$ seeding algorithm (also know as $k$-means++ when $\alpha=2$) by Arthur and Vassilvitskii (2007), who showed that it guarantees in expectation an $O(2^{2\alpha}\cdot…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Etienne Bamas , Sai Ganesh Nagarajan , Ola Svensson