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This work presents a Hierarchical Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning framework for analyzing simulated air combat scenarios involving heterogeneous agents. The objective is to identify effective Courses of Action that lead to mission…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Ardian Selmonaj , Oleg Szehr , Giacomo Del Rio , Alessandro Antonucci , Adrian Schneider , Michael Rüegsegger

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can enable agents to learn complex tasks. However, it is difficult to interpret the knowledge and reuse it across tasks. Inductive biases can address such issues by explicitly providing generic yet useful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Thomas Schnürer , Malte Probst , Horst-Michael Gross

Previous work in hierarchical reinforcement learning has faced a dilemma: either ignore the values of different possible exit states from a subroutine, thereby risking suboptimal behavior, or represent those values explicitly thereby…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Bhaskara Marthi , Stuart Russell , David Andre

Learning policies in simulation and transferring them to the real world has become a promising approach in dexterous manipulation. However, bridging the sim-to-real gap for each new task requires substantial human effort, such as careful…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Haozhi Qi , Brent Yi , Mike Lambeta , Yi Ma , Roberto Calandra , Jitendra Malik

Humans can leverage hierarchical structures to split a task into sub-tasks and solve problems efficiently. Both imitation and reinforcement learning or a combination of them with hierarchical structures have been proven to be an efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Yaru Niu , Yijun Gu

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) decomposes the policy into a manager and a worker, enabling long-horizon planning but introducing a performance gap on tasks requiring agility. We identify a root cause: in subgoal-based HRL, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Shashank Sharma , Janina Hoffmann , Vinay Namboodiri

A major challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is the design of agents that are able to generalize across tasks that share common dynamics. A viable solution is meta-reinforcement learning, which identifies common structures among past…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Sephora Madjiheurem , Laura Toni

Hierarchical abstraction and curiosity-driven exploration are two common paradigms in current reinforcement learning approaches to break down difficult problems into a sequence of simpler ones and to overcome reward sparsity. However, there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Frank Röder , Manfred Eppe , Phuong D. H. Nguyen , Stefan Wermter

Scaling end-to-end reinforcement learning to control real robots from vision presents a series of challenges, in particular in terms of sample efficiency. Against end-to-end learning, state representation learning can help learn a compact,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Antonin Raffin , Ashley Hill , René Traoré , Timothée Lesort , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez , David Filliat

Hierarchical model-based reinforcement learning (HMBRL) aims to combine the benefits of better sample efficiency of model based reinforcement learning (MBRL) with the abstraction capability of hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Robin Schiewer , Anand Subramoney , Laurenz Wiskott

Recent advances in reinforcement-learning research have demonstrated impressive results in building algorithms that can out-perform humans in complex tasks. Nevertheless, creating reinforcement-learning systems that can build abstractions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Lucas Lehnert , Michael J. Frank , Michael L. Littman

In reinforcement learning, abstraction methods that remove unnecessary information from the observation are commonly used to learn policies which generalize better to unseen tasks. However, these methods often overlook a crucial weakness:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Caroline Horsch , Laurens Engwegen , Max Weltevrede , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Wendelin Böhmer

Reinforcement learning (RL) on high-dimensional and complex problems relies on abstraction for improved efficiency and generalization. In this paper, we study abstraction in the continuous-control setting, and extend the definition of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Prakash Panangaden , Sahand Rezaei-Shoshtari , Rosie Zhao , David Meger , Doina Precup

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) is a promising approach to extend traditional reinforcement learning (RL) methods to solve more complex tasks. Yet, the majority of current HRL methods require careful task-specific design and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Ofir Nachum , Shixiang Gu , Honglak Lee , Sergey Levine

This paper discusses a system that accelerates reinforcement learning by using transfer from related tasks. Without such transfer, even if two tasks are very similar at some abstract level, an extensive re-learning effort is required. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-10 C. Drummond

Representations are crucial for a robot to learn effective navigation policies. Recent work has shown that mid-level perceptual abstractions, such as depth estimates or 2D semantic segmentation, lead to more effective policies when provided…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Zachary Ravichandran , Lisa Peng , Nathan Hughes , J. Daniel Griffith , Luca Carlone

Reinforcement learning is an appropriate and successful method to robustly perform low-level robot control under noisy conditions. Symbolic action planning is useful to resolve causal dependencies and to break a causally complex problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Manfred Eppe , Phuong D. H. Nguyen , Stefan Wermter

Hierarchy in reinforcement learning agents allows for control at multiple time scales yielding improved sample efficiency, the ability to deal with long time horizons and transferability of sub-policies to tasks outside the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Zach Dwiel , Madhavun Candadai , Mariano Phielipp , Arjun K. Bansal

The ability to plan actions on multiple levels of abstraction enables intelligent agents to solve complex tasks effectively. However, learning the models for both low and high-level planning from demonstrations has proven challenging,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Kalle Kujanpää , Joni Pajarinen , Alexander Ilin

Real-world tasks are often highly structured. Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) has attracted research interest as an approach for leveraging the hierarchical structure of a given task in reinforcement learning (RL). However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Takayuki Osa , Voot Tangkaratt , Masashi Sugiyama