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Related papers: Work and Fluctuations: Coherent vs. Incoherent Erg…

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It is an established fact that quantum coherences have thermodynamic value. The natural question arises, whether other genuine quantum properties such as entanglement can also be exploited to extract thermodynamic work. In the present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-23 Akram Touil , Barış Çakmak , Sebastian Deffner

We ask whether there exists a relation between controllability of the fluctuations in extractable energy of a quantum battery and (a) how open an arbitrary but fixed battery system is and (b) how large the battery is. We examine three…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Anindita Sarkar , Paranjoy Chaki , Priya Ghosh , Ujjwal Sen

There are only a very few known relations in statistical dynamics that are valid for systems driven arbitrarily far-from-equilibrium. One of these is the fluctuation theorem, which places conditions on the entropy production probability…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-09-25 Gavin E. Crooks

The classical Jarzynski equality establishes an exact relation between the stochastic work performed on a system driven out of thermal equilibrium and the free energy difference in a corresponding quasi-static process. This fluctuation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Konstantin Beyer , Walter T. Strunz

We study the work fluctuations in ergotropic heat engines, namely two-strokes quantum Otto engines where the work stroke is designed to extract the ergotropy (the maximum amount of work by a cyclic unitary evolution) from a couple of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-10 Giovanni Chesi , Chiara Macchiavello , Massimiliano Federico Sacchi

Fluctuation theorems provide universal constraints on nonequilibrium energy and entropy fluctuations, making them a natural framework to assess how and to what extent quantum resources become thermodynamically relevant. We develop a unified…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Sukrut Mondkar , Sayan Mondal , Ujjwal Sen

The paradigm of extracting work from isolated quantum system through a cyclic Hamiltonian process is a topic of immense research interest. The optimal work extracted under such process is termed as ergotropy [Europhys. Lett., 67 (4),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-08 Amit Mukherjee , Arup Roy , Some Sankar Bhattacharya , Manik Banik

We show that it is possible to have non-zero ergotropy in the steady-states of an open quantum system consisting of qubits that are collectively coupled to a thermal bath at a finite temperature. The dynamics of our model leads the qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-12 Barış Çakmak

We study the impact of work cost fluctuations on optimal protocols for the creation of correlations in quantum systems. We analyze several notions of work fluctuations to show that even in the simplest case of two free qubits, protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-08 Emma McKay , Nayeli A. Rodriguez-Briones , Eduardo Martin-Martinez

Ergotropy--a key figure of merit for quantum battery (QB) performance--plays a crucial role. However, the dynamics and physical mechanisms governing ergotropy evolution remain open challenges. Here, we investigate the ergotropy of a general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-29 Cheng-Jie Wang , Fu-Quan Dou

We study the connection between the charging power of quantum batteries and the fluctuations of the extractable work. We prove that in order to have a non-zero rate of change of the extractable work, the state $\rho_\mathcal{W}$ of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-12 Luis Pedro García-Pintos , Alioscia Hamma , Adolfo del Campo

Extracting work from a physical system is one of the cornerstones of quantum thermodynamics. The extractable work, as quantified by ergotropy, necessitates a complete description of the quantum system. This is significantly more challenging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Shantanav Chakraborty , Siddhartha Das , Arnab Ghorui , Soumyabrata Hazra , Uttam Singh

We extend the Exchange Fluctuation Theorem for energy exchange between thermal quantum systems beyond the assumption of molecular chaos, and describe the non-equilibrium exchange dynamics of correlated quantum states. The relation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-14 Sania Jevtic , David Jennings , Terry Rudolph , Yuji Hirono , Shojun Nakayama , Mio Murao

We propose a physical scheme of a uniformly accelerated Unruh-DeWitt battery and utilize quantum work extraction as a probe to witness the thermal nature of the Unruh effect induced by the accelerated motion. By employing the open quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-10 Wei-Wei Zhang , Tian-Xi Ren , Yin-Zhong Wu , Xiang Hao

Non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics is essential to describe new devices that operate far from the regime where the usual thermodynamical laws are obeyed. When quantum fluctuations dominate, defining and measuring work and heat, two…

In Newtonian mechanics, any closed-system dynamics of a composite system in a microstate will leave all its individual subsystems in distinct microstates, however this fails dramatically in quantum mechanics due to the existence of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-13 Erick Hinds Mingo , David Jennings

We compare how the impossibility of a universal work extractor from coherence arises from different approaches to quantum thermodynamics: an explicit protocol accounting for all relevant quantum resources, and axiomatic,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-12 Samuel Plesnik , Maria Violaris

Although nonequilibrium work and fluctuation relations have been studied in detail within classical statistical physics, extending these results to open quantum systems has proven to be conceptually difficult. For systems that undergo…

Quantifying the ergotropy (a.k.a. available energy), namely the maximal amount of energy that can be extracted from a thermally isolated system, is a central problem in quantum thermodynamics. Notably, the same problem has been long studied…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-19 Michele Campisi

Continuous-variable quantum thermodynamics in the Gaussian regime provides a promising framework for investigating the energetic role of quantum correlations, particularly in optical systems. In this work, we introduce an entropy-free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Beatriz Polo-Rodríguez , Federico Centrone , Gerardo Adesso , Mir Alimuddin