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Microlensing imprints by typical stellar mass lenses on gravitational waves are challenging to identify in the LIGO and Virgo frequency band because such effects are weak. However, stellar mass lenses are generally embedded in lens galaxies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-01 Eungwang Seo , Otto A. Hannuksela , Tjonnie G. F. Li

We search for strongly lensed and multiply imaged gravitational wave signals in the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (O2). We exploit a new source of information, the so-called Morse phase, which further mitigates…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-28 Liang Dai , Barak Zackay , Tejaswi Venumadhav , Javier Roulet , Matias Zaldarriaga

The recent detection of gravitational waves (GWs) and electromagnetic (EM) waves originating from the same source marks the start of a new multi-messenger era in astronomy. The arrival time difference between the GW and EM signal can be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-08-31 Paolo Cremonese , Edvard Mörtsell

Gravitational waves (GWs) propagating through the universe can be microlensed by stellar and intermediate-mass objects. Lensing induces frequency-dependent amplification of GWs, which can be computed using \texttt{GLoW}, an accurate code…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-12 Marienza Caldarola , Srashti Goyal , Nihar Gupte , Stephen R. Green , Miguel Zumalacárregui

Strong gravitational lensing creates multiple images of a gravitational wave transient. The current state-of-the-art method for identifying such lensing events is a computationally expensive full Bayesian analysis. In this paper, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-16 Henry W. Y. Wong , Lok W. L. Chan , Isaac C. F. Wong , Rico K. L. Lo , Tjonnie G. F. Li

Like light, gravitational waves are gravitationally lensed by intervening massive astrophysical objects, such as galaxies, clusters, black holes, and stars, resulting in a variety of potentially observable gravitational-wave lensing…

It has been recently shown that quadruply lensed gravitational-wave (GW) events due to coalescing binaries can be localized to one or just a few galaxies, even in the absence of an electromagnetic counterpart. We discuss how this can be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-27 Andreas Finke , Stefano Foffa , Francesco Iacovelli , Michele Maggiore , Michele Mancarella

Similarly to light, gravitational waves can be gravitationally lensed as they propagate near massive astrophysical objects such as galaxies, stars, or black holes. In recent years, forecasts have suggested a reasonable chance of strong…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-09 Justin Janquart , Eungwang Seo , Otto A. Hannuksela , Tjonnie G. F. Li , Chris Van Den Broeck

We present a detailed exposition of a statistical method for estimating cosmological parameters from the observation of a large number of strongly lensed binary-black-hole (BBH) mergers observable by next (third) generation (XG)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-20 Souvik Jana , Shasvath J Kapadia , Tejaswi Venumadhav , Surhud More , Parameswaran Ajith

Gravitational lensing provides a means to measure mass that does not rely on detecting and analysing light from the lens itself. Compact objects are ideal gravitational lenses, because they have relatively large masses and are dim. In this…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-15 A. J. Harding , R. Di Stefano , S. Lépine , J. Urama , D. Pham , C. Baker

Recently, the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration (LVC) concluded that there is no evidence for lensed gravitational waves (GW) in the first half of the O3 run, claiming "We find the observation of lensed events to be unlikely, with the fractional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-08 Jose M. Diego , Tom Broadhurst , George Smoot

As the gravitational wave detector network is upgraded and the sensitivity of the detectors improves, novel scientific avenues open for exploration. For example, tests of general relativity will become more accurate as smaller deviations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-05 Mick Wright , Justin Janquart , Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel

The cosmic dipole observed in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is traditionally interpreted as being caused by the observer's motion relative to the background. However, tensions with dipole measurements from radio galaxy counts…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-20 Anson Chen , Jun Zhang

Making an unambiguous detection of lensed gravitational waves is challenging with current generation detectors due to large uncertainties in sky localisations and other inferred parameter distributions. However, in the case of binary…

In this paper we study gravitational lensing of gravitational wave events. The main point of the present work is to introduce a semi-analytic approach so that each ingredient can be varied and tested individually. Our analytic model for the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-19 Giulia Cusin , Ruth Durrer , Irina Dvorkin

The strongly lensed gravitational wave (SLGW) is a promising transient phenomenon. However, the long-wave nature of gravitational waves poses a significant challenge in identification of its host galaxy. To tackle this challenge, we propose…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-08 Xikai Shan , Bin Hu , Xuechun Chen , Rong-Gen Cai

Just like light, gravitational waves (GWs) are deflected and magnified by gravitational fields as they propagate through the Universe. However, their low frequency, phase coherence and feeble coupling to matter allow for distinct lensing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-29 Giovanni Tambalo , Miguel Zumalacárregui , Liang Dai , Mark Ho-Yeuk Cheung

We search for gravitational wave (GW) events from LIGO-Virgo's third run that may have been affected by gravitational lensing. Gravitational lensing delays the arrival of GWs, and alters their amplitude -- thus biasing the inferred…

Gravitational lensing is an invaluable probe of the nature of dark matter, and the structures it forms. Lensed gravitational waves in particular allow for unparalleled sensitivity to small scale structures within the lenses, due to the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-17 Luka Vujeva , Jose María Ezquiaga , Daniel Gilman , Srashti Goyal , Miguel Zumalacárregui

Gravitational waves (GWs) are subject to gravitational lensing in the same way as electromagnetic radiation. However, to date, no unequivocal observation of a lensed GW transient has been reported. Independently, GW observatories continue…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-24 Riccardo Buscicchio , Christopher J. Moore , Geraint Pratten , Patricia Schmidt , Matteo Bianconi , Alberto Vecchio