Related papers: An Empirical Comparison of the Quadratic Sieve Fac…
The assumed computationally difficulty of factoring large integers forms the basis of security for RSA public-key cryptography, which specifically relies on products of two large primes or semi-primes. The best-known factoring algorithms…
Quantum computing is a winsome field that concerns with the behaviour and nature of energy at the quantum level to improve the efficiency of computations. In recent years, quantum computation is receiving much attention for its capability…
Integer factorization is one of the vital algorithms discussed as a part of analysis of any black-box cipher suites where the cipher algorithm is based on number theory. The origin of the problem is from Discrete Logarithmic Problem which…
Pollard's Rho is a method for solving the integer factorization problem. The strategy searches for a suitable pair of elements belonging to a sequence of natural numbers that given suitable conditions yields a nontrivial factor. In…
Many modern asymmetric encryption methods rely on prime numbers, as they have distinctive properties. For instance, the security of RSA cryptosystem relies on the computational difficulty of factoring a large composite number in its prime…
Shor's algorithm for factoring in polynomial time on a quantum computer\cite{Shor} gives an enormous advantage over all known classical factoring algorithm. We demonstrate how to factor products of large prime numbers using a compiled…
Current asymmetric cryptography is based on the principle that while classical computers can efficiently multiply large integers, the inverse operation, factorization, is significantly more complex. For sufficiently large integers, this…
The security of messages encoded via the widely used RSA public key encryption system rests on the enormous computational effort required to find the prime factors of a large number N using classical (i.e., conventional) computers. In 1994,…
The two currently fastest general-purpose integer factorization algorithms are the Quadratic Sieve and the Number Field Sieve. Both techniques are used to find so-called smooth values of certain polynomials, i.e., values that factor…
Quantum computers pose a fundamental threat to widely deployed public-key cryptosystems, such as RSA and ECC, by enabling efficient integer factorization using Shor's algorithm. Theoretical resource estimates suggest that 2048-bit RSA keys…
Integer factorization is a very hard computational problem. Currently no efficient algorithm for integer factorization is publicly known. However, this is an important problem on which it relies the security of many real world cryptographic…
Two prominent methods for integer factorization are those based on general integer sieve and elliptic curve. The general integer sieve method can be specialized to quadratic integer sieve method. In this paper, a probability analysis for…
Quantum computing represents a significant advancement in computational capabilities. Of particular concern is its impact on asymmetric cryptography through, notably, Shor's algorithm and the more recently developed Regev's algorithm for…
Numerous methods have been considered to create a fast integer factorization algorithm. Despite its apparent simplicity, the difficulty to find such an algorithm plays a crucial role in modern cryptography, notably, in the security of RSA…
A digital computer is generally believed to be an efficient universal computing device; that is, it is believed able to simulate any physical computing device with an increase in computation time of at most a polynomial factor. This may not…
Shor's factoring algorithm is one of the most anticipated applications of quantum computing. However, the limited capabilities of today's quantum computers only permit a study of Shor's algorithm for very small numbers. Here we show how…
We report on two new records: the factorization of RSA-240, a 795-bit number, and a discrete logarithm computation over a 795-bit prime field. Previous records were the factorization of RSA-768 in 2009 and a 768-bit discrete logarithm…
Integer factorization is a fundamental problem in algorithmic number theory and computer science. It is considered as a one way or trapdoor function in the (RSA) cryptosystem. To date, from elementary trial division to sophisticated methods…
Quantum computing devices are believed to be powerful in solving the prime factorization problem, which is at the heart of widely deployed public-key cryptographic tools. However, the implementation of Shor's quantum factorization algorithm…
With the advancement of quantum technologies, there is a potential threat to traditional encryption systems based on integer factorization. Therefore, developing techniques for accurately measuring the performance of associated quantum…