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Nonlinear least squares data-fitting driven by physical process simulation is a classic and widely successful technique for the solution of inverse problems in science and engineering. Known as "Full Waveform Inversion" in application to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-28 William W. Symes

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) can produce high-resolution subsurface models, yet it remains inherently ill-posed, highly nonlinear, and computationally intensive. Although recent deep learning and numerical acceleration methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Wang Zhenyu , Li Peiyuan , Shi Yongxiang , Wu Ruoyu , Zhang Lei

Three-dimensional seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) provides high-fidelity subsurface velocity models but is restricted by high computational cost, strong nonlinearity, cycle-skipping, and heavy dependence on initial models. Although…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-03-19 Guoxin Chen , Wenjie Wang , Haiyang Lu , Jinxin Chen

Source footprints represent an inherent problem to full-waveform inversion (FWI). They are caused by the high data sensitivity to the model parameters in the vicinity of the seismic sources and can be exacerbated by source-related errors in…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-06-12 Milad Bader , Robert G. Clapp , Kurt T. Nihei , Biondo Biondi

Seismic acoustic impedance inversion is one of the most challenging tasks in geophysical exploration. Many studies have proposed the use of deep learning for processing; however, most of them are limited by factors such as seismic wavelets…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-12-15 Junheng Peng , Xiaowen Wang , Yingtian Liu , Yong Li , Mingwei Wang

We present Lift and Relax for Waveform Inversion (LRWI), an approach that mitigates the local minima issue in seismic full waveform inversion (FWI) via a combination of two convexification techniques. The first technique (Lift) extends the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-08 Zhilong Fang , Laurent Demanet

Seismic full-waveform inversion is a core technology for obtaining high-resolution subsurface model parameters. However, its highly nonlinear characteristics and strong dependence on the initial model often lead to the inversion process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Caiyun Liu , Siyang Pei , Qingfeng Yu , Jie Xiong

We develop a robust physics-guided diffusion framework for full-waveform inversion that combines a score-based generative prior with likelihood guidance computed through wave-equation simulations. We adopt a transport-based data-consistency…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-18 Jishen Peng , Enze Jiang , Zheng Ma , Xiongbin Yan

The full-waveform inversion (FWI) addresses the computation and characterization of subsurface model parameters by matching predicted data to observed seismograms in the frame of nonlinear optimization. We formulate FWI as a nonlinearly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-26 Ali Gholami , Hossein S. Aghamiry , Stéphane Operto

Accurate prediction and synthesis of seismic waveforms are crucial for seismic-hazard assessment and earthquake-resistant infrastructure design. Existing prediction methods, such as ground-motion models and physics-based wave-field…

Adaptive Waveform Inversion (AWI) applied to transient transmitted wave data can yield estimates of index of refraction (or wave velocity) similar to those obtained by travel time inversion. The AWI objective function measures normalized…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-12 William W. Symes

Ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) is an emerging imaging modality that holds great promise for breast imaging. Full-waveform inversion (FWI)-based image reconstruction methods incorporate accurate wave physics to produce high spatial…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-01 Luke Lozenski , Hanchen Wang , Fu Li , Mark A. Anastasio , Brendt Wohlberg , Youzuo Lin , Umberto Villa

We develop a workflow based on full-waveform inversion (FWI) to estimate P-wave velocities in a deepwater Brazilian pre-salt field using the recently introduced circular shot ocean bottom node (OBN) acquisition geometry. Such a geometry…

Ultrasonic imaging methods often assume linear direct models, while in reality, many nonlinear phenomena are present, e.g. multiple reflections. A family of imaging methods called Full Waveform Inversion (FWI), which has been developed in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Daniel Rossato , Thiago Alberto Rigo Passarin , Gustavo Pinto Pires , Daniel Rodrigues Pipa

SWinvert is a workflow developed at The University of Texas at Austin for the inversion of surface wave dispersion data. SWinvert encourages analysts to investigate inversion uncertainty and non-uniqueness in shear wave velocity (Vs) by…

Geophysics · Physics 2021-04-06 Joseph P. Vantassel , Brady R. Cox

Obtaining reliable permeability maps of oil reservoirs is crucial for building a robust and accurate reservoir simulation model and, therefore, designing effective recovery strategies. This problem, however, remains challenging, as it…

Machine learning has taken a critical role in seismic interpretation workflows, especially in fault delineation tasks. However, despite the recent proliferation of pretrained models and synthetic datasets, the field still lacks a systematic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jorge Quesada , Chen Zhou , Prithwijit Chowdhury , Mohammad Alotaibi , Ahmad Mustafa , Yusufjon Kumakov , Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

The lack of low frequency information and a good initial model can seriously affect the success of full waveform inversion (FWI), due to the inherent cycle skipping problem. Computational low frequency extrapolation is in principle the most…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-10-14 Hongyu Sun , Laurent Demanet

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is pivotal for reconstructing high-resolution subsurface velocity models but remains computationally intensive and ill-posed. While deep learning approaches promise efficiency, existing Convolutional Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zhenyu Wang , Peiyuan Li , Yongxiang Shi , Ruoyu Wu , Chenfei Liao , Lei Zhang

Efficient frequency-domain Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) of long-offset node data can be designed with a few discrete frequencies hence allowing for compact volume of data to be managed. Moreover, attenuation effects can be…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-10-29 P. -H. Tournier , P. Jolivet , V. Dolean , H. S. Aghamiry , S. Operto , S. Riffo