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We point out that the intrinsic relationship between space and momentum in quantum physics through the uncertainty principle has potential implications for momentum anisotropy in heavy-ion collisions. Using a harmonic oscillator potential…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-06-04 Denes Molnar , Chris. H. Greene , Fuqiang Wang

The number of nucleon (NN) scaling of the directed flow $v_1$ and elliptic flow ($v_{2}$) as well as the nuclear modification factor ($R_{cp}$) are tested for light nuclei which are produced in 0.4$A$ GeV $^{197}Au + ^{197}Au$ collisions at…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-02-17 T. T. Wang , Y. G. Ma

We investigate how the initial geometry of a heavy-ion collision is transformed into final flow observables by solving event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics with realistic fluctuating initial conditions. We study quantitatively to what extent…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-03-06 Fernando G. Gardim , Frederique Grassi , Matthew Luzum , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

The hydrodynamic flow-like behavior of charged hadrons in high-energy lead-lead collisions is studied through multiparticle correlations. The elliptic anisotropy values based on different orders of multiparticle cumulants, $v_{2}\{2k\}$,…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-02-20 CMS Collaboration

In an intermediate-momentum regime where mass effects are significant, heavy quark suppression and anisotropic flow are computed to investigate the transition between the collisional and radiative energy loss. Based on the collision kernel…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-23 Juhee Hong

The correlation between the mean transverse momentum and the harmonic flow coefficients is an observable which is of great interest; it is sensitive to shape fluctuations in the initial state of a relativistic nuclear collision. The…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-06-13 Rupam Samanta , Piotr Bozek

In heavy ion collisions, elliptic flow $v_2$ and radial flow, characterized by event-wise average transverse momentum $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$, are related to the shape and size of the overlap region, which are sensitive to the shape of colliding…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-01-19 Jiangyong Jia , Shengli Huang , Chunjian Zhang

Substantial collective flow is observed in collisions between large nuclei at RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) as evidenced by single-particle transverse momentum distributions and by azimuthal correlations among the produced…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Laszlo P. Csernai , Joseph. I. Kapusta , Larry D. McLerran

We have investigated the performance of anisotropic flows $\langle v_n^2 \rangle$, transverse momentum fluctuations $\langle \delta p_T^2 \rangle $, and their correlations $\langle v_n^2 \delta p_T \rangle$ in central collisions at…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-09-23 Hai-Cheng Wang , Song-Jie Li , Lu-Meng Liu , Jun Xu , Zhong-Zhou Ren

The correlation between the mean transverse momentum, $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$, and the squared anisotropic flow, $v^{2}_{n}$, on an event-by-event basis has been suggested to be influenced by the initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions. We…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2026-05-14 The STAR Collaboration

The presence of correlations between particles significantly separated in pseudorapidity in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions revealed surprises in the early LHC data. Are the physical processes responsible for the observed…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2021-09-21 Georgios Konstantinos Krintiras

In this paper, we have discussed the transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow measured in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The transverse momentum dependence of the number of constituent quarks ($n_{q}$) scaled $v_{2}$ is obtained…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2022-08-17 Prabhupada Dixit , Md. Nasim

A recent updated version of the Lanzhou quantum molecular dynamics is reviewed, in which the momentum dependence of symmetry potential and the effective mass splitting of proton and neutron in nuclear medium are included in the model. The…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-02-13 Zhao-Qing Feng

I show that particle collider experiments on relativistic nuclear collisions can serve as direct probes of the deformation of the colliding nuclear species. I argue that collision events presenting very large multiplicities of particles and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-05-27 Giuliano Giacalone

Although relativistic heavy-ion collisions have emerged as a powerful probe for studying nuclear structure, the potential influence of nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations (NN-SRCs) on the initial state has remained an open question. By…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-12-01 Pei Li , Kai-Jia Sun , Bo Zhou , Guo-Liang Ma

Measurements of flow coefficients and correlations between different types of particles are used to characterise the properties of the quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. Moreover, these precise measurements became a key…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-01-18 Lucia Anna Tarasovičová

Isobar collisions, $^{96}_{44}$Ru+$^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr+$^{96}_{40}$Zr, at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}$ = 200 GeV have been performed at RHIC in order to study the charge separation along the magnetic field, called the Chiral…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2023-08-14 Priyanshi Sinha

The effects of event-by-event fluctuations in the initial geometry of the colliding nuclei are important in the analysis of final flow observables in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We use hydrodynamic simulations to study the amplitude…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-09-14 Jing Qian , Ulrich Heinz

Anisotropic flow coefficients, $v_n$, non-linear flow mode coefficients, $\chi_{n,mk}$, and correlations among different symmetry planes, $\rho_{n,mk}$ are measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\rm{NN}}=5.02$ TeV. Results obtained with…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2020-06-16 ALICE Collaboration

This Letter reports on the first measurements of transverse momentum dependent flow angle $\Psi_n$ and flow magnitude $v_n$ fluctuations, determined using new four-particle correlators. The measurements are performed for various…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2023-06-22 ALICE Collaboration