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Accurate depth perception is crucial for patient outcomes in endoscopic surgery, yet it is compromised by image distortions common in surgical settings. To tackle this issue, our study presents a benchmark for assessing the robustness of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-25 An Wang , Haochen Yin , Beilei Cui , Mengya Xu , Hongliang Ren

Distributionally robust optimization (DRO) is a powerful framework for training robust models against data distribution shifts. This paper focuses on constrained DRO, which has an explicit characterization of the robustness level. Existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-02 Qi Zhang , Yi Zhou , Ashley Prater-Bennette , Lixin Shen , Shaofeng Zou

Sepsis remains one of the most complex and heterogeneous syndromes in intensive care, characterized by diverse physiological trajectories and variable responses to treatment. While deep learning models perform well in the early prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Vincent Lemaire , Nédra Meloulli , Pierre Jaquet

Long questionnaires increase the response burden for patients and healthcare workers. In the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the MDS-UPDRS questionnaire to track disease progression may be underutilized due to time requirements. While…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Karl Sigfrid , Ellinor Fackle-Fornius , Frank Miller

Dynamic real-time optimization (DRTO) is a challenging task due to the fact that optimal operating conditions must be computed in real time. The main bottleneck in the industrial application of DRTO is the presence of uncertainty. Many…

Employing a machine learning approach we predict, up to 24 hours prior, a diagnosis of severe sepsis. Strongly predictive models are possible that use only text reports from the Electronic Health Record (EHR), and omit structured numerical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-12-01 Phil Culliton , Michael Levinson , Alice Ehresman , Joshua Wherry , Jay S. Steingrub , Stephen I. Gallant

The steep dose gradients obtained with pencil beam scanning allow for precise tumor targeting at the cost of high sensitivity to uncertainties. Robust optimization is commonly applied to mitigate uncertainties in density and patient setup,…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Ivar Bengtsson , Anders Forsgren , Albin Fredriksson , Ye Zhang

Effective reinforcement learning (RL) for sepsis treatment depends on learning stable, clinically meaningful state representations from irregular ICU time series. While previous works have explored representation learning for this task, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Yue Gao

Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO), as a popular method to train robust models against distribution shift between training and test sets, has received tremendous attention in recent years. In this paper, we propose and analyze…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Qi Qi , Jiameng Lyu , Kung sik Chan , Er Wei Bai , Tianbao Yang

Personalized medicine has gained much popularity recently as a way of providing better healthcare by tailoring treatments to suit individuals. Our research, motivated by the UK INTERVAL blood donation trial, focuses on estimating the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-24 Yuejia Xu , Angela M. Wood , David J. Roberts , Brian D. M. Tom

Predictive models for clinical outcomes that are accurate on average in a patient population may underperform drastically for some subpopulations, potentially introducing or reinforcing inequities in care access and quality. Model training…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-03 Stephen R. Pfohl , Haoran Zhang , Yizhe Xu , Agata Foryciarz , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Nigam H. Shah

The electronic health record (EHR) provides an unprecedented opportunity to build actionable tools to support physicians at the point of care. In this paper, we investigate survival analysis in the context of EHR data. We introduce deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-09-20 Rajesh Ranganath , Adler Perotte , Noémie Elhadad , David Blei

Heterogeneous treatment effect estimation in high-stakes applications demands models that simultaneously optimize precision, interpretability, and calibration. Many existing tree-based causal inference techniques, however, exhibit high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Yichen Liu

The Scheduled Relaxation Jacobi (SRJ) method is a viable candidate as a high performance linear solver for elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs). The method greatly improves the convergence of the standard Jacobi iteration by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-04-22 Mohammad Shafaet Islam , Qiqi Wang

An optimal individualized treatment rule (ITR) is a function that takes a patient's characteristics, such as demographics, biomarkers, and treatment history, and outputs a treatment that is expected to give the best outcome for that…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-05 Augustine Wigle , Erica E. M. Moodie

We present a stochastic first-order optimization method specialized for deep neural networks (DNNs), ECCO-DNN. This method models the optimization variable trajectory as a dynamical system and develops a discretization algorithm that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Carmel Fiscko , Aayushya Agarwal , Yihan Ruan , Soummya Kar , Larry Pileggi , Bruno Sinopoli

Sequential Recommender Systems (SRS) aim to model sequential behaviors of users to capture their interests which usually evolve over time. Transformer-based SRS have achieved distinguished successes recently. However, studies reveal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Sheng Lu , Mingxi Ge , Jiuyi Zhang , Wanli Zhu , Guanjin Li , Fangming Gu

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are pivotal in clinical practices, yet their retrieval remains a challenge mainly due to semantic gap issues. Recent advancements in dense retrieval offer promising solutions but existing models, both…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Zhengyun Zhao , Huaiyuan Ying , Yue Zhong , Sheng Yu

Synchronous strategies with data parallelism, such as the Synchronous StochasticGradient Descent (S-SGD) and the model averaging methods, are widely utilizedin distributed training of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), largely owing to itseasy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Qing Ye , Yuhao Zhou , Mingjia Shi , Yanan Sun , Jiancheng Lv

A dynamic treatment regime is a sequence of medical decisions that adapts to the evolving clinical status of a patient over time. To facilitate personalized care, it is crucial to assess the probability of each available treatment option…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-05 Jiefeng Bi , Matteo Borrotti , Bernardo Nipoti