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Currently there is much interest in Hamiltonians that are not Hermitian but instead possess an antilinear $PT$ symmetry, since such Hamiltonians can still lead to the time-independent evolution of scalar products, and can still have an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-05-12 Philip D. Mannheim

Among non-Hermitian systems, pseudo-Hermitian phases represent a special class of physical models characterized by real energy spectra and by the absence of non-Hermitian skin effects. Here, we show that several pseudo-Hermitian phases in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-11-09 Yan-Qing Zhu , Wen Zheng , Shi-Liang Zhu , Giandomenico Palumbo

Recently developed parity (P) and time-reversal (T) symmetric non-Hermitian systems govern a rich variety of new and characteristically distinct physical properties, which may or may not have a direct analog in their Hermitian counterparts.…

Superconductivity · Physics 2018-01-24 Ananya Ghatak , Tanmoy Das

Recent years have seen a growing interest in topological phases beyond the standard paradigm of gapped, isolated systems. One recent direction is to explore topological features in non-hermitian systems that are commonly used as effective…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Carlos Ortega-Taberner , Maria Hermanns

A real band condition is shown to exist for one dimensional periodic complex non-hermitian potentials exhibiting PT-symmetry. We use an exactly solvable ultralocal periodic potential to obtain the band structure and discuss some spectral…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jose M. Cervero , Alberto Rodriguez

Non-radiative wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has made considerable progress with the application of the parity-time (PT) symmetry concept. In this letter, we extend the standard second-order PT-symmetric Hamiltonian to high-order…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-03-01 Xianglin Hao , Ke Yin , Jianlong Zou , Ruibin Wang , Yuangen Huang , Xikui Ma , Tianyu Dong

Non-linear effects and non-Hermitian phenomena unveil additional intricate facets in topological matter physics. They can naturally intertwine to enable advanced functionalities in topoelectrical circuits and photonic structures. Here, we…

Optics · Physics 2024-06-27 Vlad Simonian , Daria A. Smirnova , Maxim A. Gorlach

In general, the energy spectrum of a non-Hermitian system turns out to be complex, which is not so satisfactory since the time evolution of eigenstates with complex eigenvalues is either exponentially growing or decaying. Here we provide a…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-05-07 Haoyan Chen , Yi Zhang

Non-Hermitian models describe the physics of ubiquitous open systems with gain and loss. One intriguing aspect of non-Hermitian models is their inherent topology that can produce intriguing boundary phenomena like resilient higher-order…

The occurrence of parity-time reversal ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry breaking is discussed in a non-Hermitian spin chain. The Hermiticity of the model is broken by the presence of an alternating, imaginary, transverse magnetic field. A full…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-25 Gian Luca Giorgi

The hallmark of symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases is the existence of anomalous boundary states, which can only be realized with the corresponding bulk system. In this work, we show that for every Hermitian anomalous boundary mode…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-11-20 Jong Yeon Lee , Junyeong Ahn , Hengyun Zhou , Ashvin Vishwanath

Non-Hermiticity gives rise to unique topological phases without Hermitian analogs. However, the effective field theory has yet to be established. Here, we develop a field-theoretical description of the intrinsic non-Hermitian topological…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-06-01 Kohei Kawabata , Ken Shiozaki , Shinsei Ryu

Through the study of the Rep($D_8$) non-invertible symmetry, we show how non-invertible symmetries manifest in dynamics. By considering the effect of symmetry preserving disorder, the non-invertible symmetry is shown to give rise to…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-08-21 Yabo Li , Aditi Mitra

For decades, Hermiticity was considered an immutable axiom of quantum mechanics, essential for ensuring real energies and unitary evolution. This perspective has shifted radically, driven by the realization that non-Hermitian Hamiltonians…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Federico Roccati , Federico Balducci

Non-Hermitian PT-symmetric quantum-mechanical Hamiltonians generally exhibit a phase transition that separates two parametric regions, (i) a region of unbroken PT symmetry in which the eigenvalues are all real, and (ii) a region of broken…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-11 Carl M. Bender , David J. Weir

We consider bipartite tight-binding graphs composed by $N$ nodes split into two sets of equal size: one set containing nodes with on-site loss, the other set having nodes with on-site gain. The nodes are connected randomly with probability…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-12-29 L. A. Moreno-Rodriguez , C. T. Martinez-Martinez , J. A. Mendez-Bermudez , Henri Benisty

Synthetic nonconservative systems with parity-time (PT) symmetric gain-loss structures can exhibit unusual spontaneous symmetry breaking that accompanies spectral singularity. Recent studies on PT symmetry in optics and weakly interacting…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-06-12 Yuto Ashida , Shunsuke Furukawa , Masahito Ueda

The Hamiltonian H specifies the energy levels and time evolution of a quantum theory. A standard axiom of quantum mechanics requires that H be Hermitian because Hermiticity guarantees that the energy spectrum is real and that time evolution…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Carl M. Bender

Solids built out of active components can exhibit non-reciprocal elastic coefficients that give rise to non-Hermitian wave phenomena. Here, we investigate non-Hermitian effects present at the boundary of two-dimensional active elastic media…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-09-16 Colin Scheibner , William T. M. Irvine , Vincenzo Vitelli

Recent progress on nonlinear properties of parity-time ($\cal PT$-) symmetric systems is comprehensively reviewed in this article. $\cal PT$ symmetry started out in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics, where complex potentials obeying $\cal PT$…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2016-07-20 Vladimir V. Konotop , Jianke Yang , Dmitry A. Zezyulin