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As progress on experimental quantum processors continues to advance, the problem of verifying the correct operation of such devices is becoming a pressing concern. The recent discovery of protocols for verifying computation performed by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-03 Michal Hajdušek , Carlos A. Pérez-Delgado , Joseph F. Fitzsimons

High-fidelity logical magic states are a critical resource for fault-tolerant quantum computation, enabling non-Clifford logical operations through state injection. However, benchmarking these states presents significant challenges: one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Su-un Lee , Ming Yuan , Senrui Chen , Kento Tsubouchi , Liang Jiang

In quantum computing, non-stabilizerness -- the magic -- refers to the computational advantage of certain quantum states over classical computers and is an essential ingredient for universal quantum computation. Employing the second order…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-06 Qiaofeng Liu , Ian Low , Zhewei Yin

Self-tested quantum information processing provides a means for doing useful information processing with untrusted quantum apparatus. Previous work was limited to performing computations and protocols in real Hilbert spaces, which is not a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Matthew McKague , Michele Mosca

Magic, or nonstabilizerness, characterizes the deviation of a quantum state from the set of stabilizer states and plays a fundamental role from quantum state complexity to universal fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, analytical or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-22 Junjie Chen , Yuxuan Yan , You Zhou

Encoding quantum information to protect it from errors is essential for performing large-scale quantum computations. Performing a universal set of quantum gates on encoded states demands a potentially large resource overhead and minimizing…

Self-testing is a method to certify devices from the result of a Bell test. Although examples of noise tolerant self-testing are known, it is not clear how to deal efficiently with a finite number of experimental trials to certify the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-03 Jean-Daniel Bancal , Kai Redeker , Pavel Sekatski , Wenjamin Rosenfeld , Nicolas Sangouard

The leading approach to fault tolerant quantum computing requires a continual supply of magic states. When a new magic state is first encoded, its initial fidelity will be too poor for use in the computation. This necessitates a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-24 Ying Li

Certification of quantum systems and operations is a central task in quantum information processing. Most current schemes rely on a tomography with fully characterised devices, while this may not be met in real experiments. Device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-16 Xingjian Zhang , Qi Zhao

To date all self-tests for high dimensional systems are confined to many-qubit states. This is due to two restrictions in the literature: the standard techniques for proving self-testing results apply only to qubits, and there are few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-18 Matthew McKague

We propose a set of Bell-type nonlocal games that can be used to prove an unconditional quantum advantage in an objective and hardware-agnostic manner. In these games, the circuit depth needed to prepare a cyclic cluster state and measure a…

The rapid advancement of quantum hardware calls for the development of reliable methods to certify its correct functioning. However, existing certification tests often fall short: they either rely on flawless state preparation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Jan Nöller , Nikolai Miklin , Martin Kliesch , Mariami Gachechiladze

Magic, also known as nonstabilizerness, quantifies the distance of a quantum state to the set of stabilizer states, and it serves as a necessary resource for potential quantum advantage over classical computing. In this work, we study magic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Poetri Sonya Tarabunga , Emanuele Tirrito

We employed the techniques from [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{70}, 052328 (2004)/arXiv:0406196] to analytically study two set of quantum circuits containing one $T$ gate/magic $|T\rangle = \frac{|0\rangle+\sqrt{i}|1\rangle}{\sqrt{2}}$ state. These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Kwok Ho Wan

Self-testing protocols enable certification of quantum devices without demanding full knowledge about their inner workings. A typical approach in designing such protocols is based on observing nonlocal correlations which exhibit maximum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-31 Ashutosh Rai , Matej Pivoluska , Souradeep Sasmal , Manik Banik , Sibasish Ghosh , Martin Plesch

Device-independent certification, also known as self-testing, aims at guaranteeing the proper functioning of untrusted and uncharacterized devices. For example, the quality of an unknown source expected to produce two-qubit maximally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-08 Xavier Valcarce , Julian Zivy , Nicolas Sangouard , Pavel Sekatski

This paper shows how to construct quantum entanglement states of n qubits based on a self-stabilizing token ring algorithm. The entangled states can be applied to the fields of the quantum network, quantum Internet, distributed quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-26 Jehn-Ruey Jiang

Quantum self-testing is a device-independent way to certify quantum states and measurements using only the input-output statistics, with minimal assumptions about the quantum devices. Because of the high demand on tolerable noise, however,…

Verification of quantum computations is crucial as experiments advance toward fault-tolerant quantum computing. Yet, no efficient protocol exists for certifying states generated in the Magic-State Injection model -- the foundation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Sami Abdul Sater , Maxime Garnier , Thierry Martinez , Harold Ollivier , Ulysse Chabaud

Magic State Distillation (MSD) has been a research focus for fault-tolerant quantum computing due to the need for non-Clifford resource in gaining quantum advantage. Although many of the MSD protocols so far are based on stabilizer codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Yunzhe Zheng , Dong E. Liu