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MNIST and Fashion MNIST are extremely popular for testing in the machine learning space. Fashion MNIST improves on MNIST by introducing a harder problem, increasing the diversity of testing sets, and more accurately representing a modern…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Christopher Geier

Each day, anti-virus companies receive tens of thousands samples of potentially harmful executables. Many of the malicious samples are variations of previously encountered malware, created by their authors to evade pattern-based detection.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-08-27 Joris Kinable , Orestis Kostakis

Security researchers grapple with the surge of malicious files, necessitating swift identification and classification of malware strains for effective protection. Visual classifiers and in particular Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Matteo Brosolo , Vinod Puthuvath , Mauro Conti

With the rapid development of machine learning for image classification, researchers have found new applications of visualization techniques in malware detection. By converting binary code into images, researchers have shown satisfactory…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Hadjer Benkraouda , Jingyu Qian , Hung Quoc Tran , Berkay Kaplan

In this work, we present an ensemble of descriptors for the classification of transmission electron microscopy images of viruses. We propose to combine handcrafted and deep learning approaches for virus image classification. The set of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Loris Nanni , Eugenio De Luca , Marco Ludovico Facin , Gianluca Maguolo

The escalating frequency and scale of recent malware attacks underscore the urgent need for swift and precise malware classification in the ever-evolving cybersecurity landscape. Key challenges include accurately categorizing closely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Shrey Bavishi , Shrey Modi

A simple model of MNIST handwritten digit recognition is presented here. The model is an adaptation of a previous theory of face recognition. It realizes translation and rotation invariance in a principled way instead of being based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Sagnik Majumder , C. von der Malsburg , Aashish Richhariya , Surekha Bhanot

Neural networks are frequently used for image classification, but can be vulnerable to misclassification caused by adversarial images. Attempts to make neural network image classification more robust have included variations on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Basemah Alshemali , Alta Graham , Jugal Kalita

Classifying hand-written digits and letters has taken a big leap with the introduction of ConvNets. However, on very constrained hardware the time necessary to train such models would be high. Our main contribution is twofold. First, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Tidor-Vlad Pricope

Learning sparse feature representations is a useful instrument for solving an unsupervised learning problem. In this paper, we present three labeled handwritten digit datasets, collectively called n-MNIST. Then, we propose a novel framework…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-09-14 Saikat Basu , Manohar Karki , Sangram Ganguly , Robert DiBiano , Supratik Mukhopadhyay , Ramakrishna Nemani

The MNIST dataset containing thousands of handwritten digit images is still a fundamental benchmark for evaluating various pattern-recognition and image-classification models. Linear separability is a key concept in many statistical and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Ákos Hajnal

Criminals use malware to disrupt cyber-systems. The number of these malware-vulnerable systems is increasing quickly as common systems, such as vehicles, routers, and lightbulbs, become increasingly interconnected cyber-systems. To address…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Viktor Zenkov , Jason Laska

Executable programs are highly structured files that can be recognized by operating systems and loaded into memory, analyzed for their dependencies, allocated resources, and ultimately executed. Each section of an executable program…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Wanhu Nie

As technology advances, Android malware continues to pose significant threats to devices and sensitive data. The open-source nature of the Android OS and the availability of its SDK contribute to this rapid growth. Traditional malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Saleh J. Makkawy , Michael J. De Lucia , Kenneth E. Barner

This paper summarizes the research conducted for a malware detection project using the Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity's MalMemAnalysis-2022 dataset. The purpose of the project was to explore the effectiveness and efficiency of machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sarah Nassar

Malware, or software designed with harmful intent, is an ever-evolving threat that can have drastic effects on both individuals and institutions. Neural network malware classification systems are key tools for combating these threats but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Preston K. Robinette , Diego Manzanas Lopez , Serena Serbinowska , Kevin Leach , Taylor T. Johnson

The number of malware is constantly on the rise. Though most new malware are modifications of existing ones, their sheer number is quite overwhelming. In this paper, we present a novel system to visualize and map millions of malware to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Tajuddin Manhar Mohammed , Lakshmanan Nataraj , Satish Chikkagoudar , Shivkumar Chandrasekaran , B. S. Manjunath

In this paper, we consider malware classification using deep learning techniques and image-based features. We employ a wide variety of deep learning techniques, including multilayer perceptrons (MLP), convolutional neural networks (CNN),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Pratikkumar Prajapati , Mark Stamp

Rapid digitalisation spurred by the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in more cyber crime. Malware-as-a-service is now a booming business for cyber criminals. With the surge in malware activities, it is vital for cyber defenders to understand…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Joon Sern Lee , Kai Keng Tay , Zong Fu Chua

Viruses are submicroscopic agents that can infect all kinds of lifeforms and use their hosts' living cells to replicate themselves. Despite having some of the simplest genetic structures among all living beings, viruses are highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Niloy Sikder , Md. Al-Masrur Khan , Anupam Kumar Bairagi , Mehedi Masud , Jun Jiat Tiang , Abdullah-Al Nahid