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Sequence labeling is a fundamental framework for various natural language processing problems. Its performance is largely influenced by the annotation quality and quantity in supervised learning scenarios, and obtaining ground truth labels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Ouyu Lan , Xiao Huang , Bill Yuchen Lin , He Jiang , Liyuan Liu , Xiang Ren

Supporting model interpretability for complex phenomena where annotators can legitimately disagree, such as emotion recognition, is a challenging machine learning task. In this work, we show that explicitly quantifying the uncertainty in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Asma Ghandeharioun , Brian Eoff , Brendan Jou , Rosalind W. Picard

Sentiment analysis, an increasingly vital field in both academia and industry, plays a pivotal role in machine learning applications, particularly on social media platforms like Reddit. However, the efficacy of sentiment analysis models is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Xiaoxia Zhang , Xiuyuan Qi , Zixin Teng

The annotation of domain experts is important for some medical applications where the objective ground truth is ambiguous to define, e.g., the rehabilitation for some chronic diseases, and the prescreening of some musculoskeletal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Chongyang Wang , Yuan Gao , Chenyou Fan , Junjie Hu , Tin Lun Lam , Nicholas D. Lane , Nadia Bianchi-Berthouze

Automatic sentiment analysis play vital role in decision making. Many organizations spend a lot of budget to understand their customer satisfaction by manually going over their feedback/comments or tweets. Automatic sentiment analysis can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Mohammad Aimal , Maheen Bakhtyar , Junaid Baber , Sadia Lakho , Umar Mohammad , Warda Ahmed , Jahanvash Karim

The assessment of argument quality depends on well-established logical, rhetorical, and dialectical properties that are unavoidably subjective: multiple valid assessments may exist, there is no unequivocal ground truth. This aligns with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Julia Romberg , Maximilian Maurer , Henning Wachsmuth , Gabriella Lapesa

The work discusses the use of machine learning algorithms for anomaly detection in medical image analysis and how the performance of these algorithms depends on the number of annotators and the quality of labels. To address the issue of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Hieu H. Pham , Khiem H. Le , Tuan V. Tran , Ha Q. Nguyen

Recent works of opinion expression identification (OEI) rely heavily on the quality and scale of the manually-constructed training corpus, which could be extremely difficult to satisfy. Crowdsourcing is one practical solution for this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Xin Zhang , Guangwei Xu , Yueheng Sun , Meishan Zhang , Xiaobin Wang , Min Zhang

This paper presents a generic Bayesian framework that enables any deep learning model to actively learn from targeted crowds. Our framework inherits from recent advances in Bayesian deep learning, and extends existing work by considering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Jie Yang , Thomas Drake , Andreas Damianou , Yoelle Maarek

Using noisy crowdsourced labels from multiple annotators, a deep learning-based end-to-end (E2E) system aims to learn the label correction mechanism and the neural classifier simultaneously. To this end, many E2E systems concatenate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Shahana Ibrahim , Tri Nguyen , Xiao Fu

Emotion annotation is inherently subjective and cognitively demanding, producing signals that reflect diverse perceptions across annotators rather than a single ground truth. In continuous affect prediction, this variability is typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Kosmas Pinitas , Ilias Maglogiannis

In the big data era, data labeling can be obtained through crowdsourcing. Nevertheless, the obtained labels are generally noisy, unreliable or even adversarial. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic graphical annotation model to infer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Jing Li , Suiyi Ling , Junle Wang , Zhi Li , Patrick Le Callet

We employ crowdsourcing to acquire time-continuous affective annotations for movie clips, and refine noisy models trained from these crowd annotations incorporating expert information within a Multi-task Learning (MTL) framework. We propose…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Ramanathan Subramanian , Yan Yan , Nicu Sebe

Syntactic parsing, the process of obtaining the internal structure of sentences in natural languages, is a crucial task for artificial intelligence applications that need to extract meaning from natural language text or speech. Sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-25 Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez , Iago Alonso-Alonso , David Vilares

The use of machine learning (ML)-based language models (LMs) to monitor content online is on the rise. For toxic text identification, task-specific fine-tuning of these models are performed using datasets labeled by annotators who provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Kofi Arhin , Ioana Baldini , Dennis Wei , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Moninder Singh

Human-generated categorical annotations frequently produce empirical response distributions (soft labels) that reflect ambiguity rather than simple annotator error. We introduce an ambiguity measure that maps a discrete response…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Christopher Klugmann , Daniel Kondermann

We describe a novel method for efficiently eliciting scalar annotations for dataset construction and system quality estimation by human judgments. We contrast direct assessment (annotators assign scores to items directly), online pairwise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Keisuke Sakaguchi , Benjamin Van Durme

Active learning algorithms automatically identify the most informative samples from large amounts of unlabeled data and tremendously reduce human annotation effort in inducing a machine learning model. In a conventional active learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Varun Totakura , Ankita Singh , Yushun Dong , Shayok Chakraborty

In real-world data labeling applications, annotators often provide imperfect labels. It is thus common to employ multiple annotators to label data with some overlap between their examples. We study active learning in such settings, aiming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Hui Wen Goh , Jonas Mueller

We propose a meta-learning method for learning from multiple noisy annotators. In many applications such as crowdsourcing services, labels for supervised learning are given by multiple annotators. Since the annotators have different skills…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Atsutoshi Kumagai , Tomoharu Iwata , Taishi Nishiyama , Yasutoshi Ida , Yasuhiro Fujiwara
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