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A key aspect of ensuring the quality of a software system is the practice of unit testing. Through unit tests, developers verify the correctness of production source code, thereby verifying the system's intended behavior under test.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Anthony Peruma , Christian D. Newman

Architectural smells (AS) are notorious for their long-term impact on the Maintainability and Evolvability of software systems. The majority of research work has investigated this topic by mining software repositories of open source Java…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Darius Sas , Paris Avgeriou , Umut Uyumaz

Refactoring is one of the most important activities in software engineering which is used to improve the quality of a software system. With the advancement of deep learning techniques, researchers are attempting to apply deep learning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Bridget Nyirongo , Yanjie Jiang , He Jiang , Hui Liu

Best testing practices state that tests should verify a single functionality or behavior of the system. Tests that verify multiple behaviors are harder to understand, lack focus, and are more coupled to the production code. An attempt to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Andre Hora , Andy Zaidman

Technical debt occurs in many different forms across software artifacts. One such form is connected to software architectures where debt emerges in the form of structural anti-patterns across architecture elements, namely, architecture…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Damian Andrew Tamburri , Francesca Arcelli Fontana , Riccardo Roveda , Valentina Lenarduzzi

Software testing is a critical activity to ensure that software complies with its specification. However, current software testing activities tend not to be completely effective when applied in specific software domains in Virtual Reality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Stevao A. Andrade , Fatima L. S. Nunes , Marcio E. Delamaro

Test smells reduce test suite reliability and complicate maintenance. While many methods detect test smells, few support automated removal, and most rely on static analysis or machine learning. This study evaluates models with relatively…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Rian Melo , Pedro Simões , Rohit Gheyi , Marcelo d'Amorim , Márcio Ribeiro , Gustavo Soares , Eduardo Almeida , Elvys Soares

Test smells can reduce the developers' ability to interact with the test code. Refactoring test code offers a safe strategy to handle test smells. However, the manual refactoring activity is not a trivial process, and it is often tedious…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Railana Santana , Luana Martins , Tássio Virgínio , Larissa Soares , Heitor Costa , Ivan Machado

LLMs promise to transform unit test generation from a manual burden into an automated solution. Yet, beyond metrics such as compilability or coverage, little is known about the quality of LLM-generated tests, particularly their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Wendkûuni C. Ouédraogo , Yinghua Li , Xueqi Dang , Xunzhu Tang , Anil Koyuncu , Jacques Klein , David Lo , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

Community smells appear in sub-optimal software development community structures, causing unforeseen additional project costs, e.g., lower productivity and more technical debt. Previous studies analyzed and predicted community smells in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Zijie Huang , Zhiqing Shao , Guisheng Fan , Jianhua Gao , Ziyi Zhou , Kang Yang , Xingguang Yang

Context: Code smells (CS) tend to compromise software quality and also demand more effort by developers to maintain and evolve the application throughout its life-cycle. They have long been catalogued with corresponding mitigating solutions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-07 José Pereira dos Reis , Fernando Brito e Abreu , Glauco de Figueiredo Carneiro , Craig Anslow

Test smells indicate poor development practices in test code, reducing maintainability and reliability. While developers often struggle to prevent or refactor these issues, existing tools focus primarily on detection rather than automated…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained massive popularity in recent years and are increasingly integrated into software systems for diverse purposes. However, poorly integrating them in source code may undermine software system quality.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Brahim Mahmoudi , Zacharie Chenail-Larcher , Naouel Moha , Quentin Stiévenart , Florent Avellaneda

Architectural code smells erode software maintainability and are costly to repair manually, yet unlike localized bugs, they require cross-module reasoning about design intent that challenges both developers and automated tools. While large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ion George Dinu , Marian Cristian Mihăescu , Traian Rebedea

Background. Software quality assurance is essential during software development and maintenance. Static Analysis Tools (SAT) are widely used for assessing code quality. Architectural smells are becoming more daunting to address and evaluate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Matteo Esposito , Mikel Robredo , Francesca Arcelli Fontana , Valentina Lenarduzzi

Regression testing is an important phase to deliver software with quality. However, flaky tests hamper the evaluation of test results and can increase costs. This is because a flaky test may pass or fail non-deterministically and to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-15 B. H. P. Camara , M. A. G. Silva , A. T. Endo , S. R. Vergilio

\underline{Context:} Logging is a fundamental yet complex practice in software engineering, essential for monitoring, debugging, and auditing software systems. With the increasing integration of machine learning (ML) components into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Patrick Loic Foalem , Leuson Da Silva , Foutse Khomh , Ettore Merlo , Heng Li

Machine Learning (ML) projects incur novel challenges in their development and productionisation over traditional software applications, though established principles and best practices in ensuring the project's software quality still…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Bart van Oort , Luís Cruz , Babak Loni , Arie van Deursen

High data quality is fundamental for today's AI-based systems. However, although data quality has been an object of research for decades, there is a clear lack of research on potential data quality issues (e.g., ambiguous, extraneous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Harald Foidl , Michael Felderer , Rudolf Ramler

Effective software development relies on managing both collaboration and technology, but sociotechnical challenges can harm team dynamics and increase technical debt. Although teams working on ML enabled systems are interdisciplinary,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Giusy Annunziata , Stefano Lambiase , Fabio Palomba , Gemma Catolino , Filomena Ferrucci