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Let $G$ be a strongly connected and balanced directed graph. The Laplacian matrix of $G$ is then the matrix (not necessarily symmetric) $L:=D-A$, where $A$ is the adjacency matrix of $G$ and $D$ is the diagonal matrix such that the row sums…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-04 Balaji R. , Bapat R. B. , Shivani Goel

The \emph{resistance matrix} of a simple connected graph $G$ is denoted by $R$, and is defined by $R =(r_{ij})$, where $r_{ij}$ is the resistance distance between the vertices $i$ and $j$ of $G$. In this paper, we consider the resistance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-05 Fouzul Atik , Ravindra B Bapat , M. Rajesh Kannan

Let $D = (V, E)$ be a strongly connected and balanced digraph with vertex set $V$ and arc set $E.$ The classical distance $d_{ij}^D$ from $i$ to $j$ in $D$ is the length of a shortest directed path from $i$ to $j$ in $D.$ Let $L$ be the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-01 R. Balakrishnan , S. Krishnamoorthy , W. So

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a strongly connected and balanced digraph with vertex set $V=\{1,\dotsc,n\}$. The classical distance $d_{ij}$ between any two vertices $i$ and $j$ in $G$ is the minimum length of all the directed paths joining $i$ and $j$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-04 Balaji R. , Ravindra B. Bapat , Shivani Goel

The \emph{distance matrix} of a simple connected graph $G$ is $D(G)=(d_{ij})$, where $d_{ij}$ is the distance between the vertices $i$ and $j$ in $G$. We consider a weighted tree $T$ on $n$ vertices with edge weights are square matrix of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-30 Fouzul Atik , M. Rajesh Kannan , R. B. Bapat

For a graph $G=(V,E)$, assigning each edge $e\in E$ a weight of a dual number $w(e)=1+\widehat{a}_{e}\varepsilon$, the weighted graph $G^{w}=(V,E,w)$ is called a dual number weighted graph, where $-\widehat{a}_{e}$ can be regarded as the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-20 Yu Li , Lizhu Sun , Changjiang Bu

Let $G$ be a connected graph on $n$ vertices and $d_{ij}$ be the length of the shortest path between vertices $i$ and $j$ in $G$. We set $d_{ii}=0$ for every vertex $i$ in $G$. The squared distance matrix $\Delta(G)$ of $G$ is the $n\times…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-19 Joyentanuj Das , Sumit Mohanty

In this article we consider resistance matrix of a connected graph. For unweighted graph we study some necessary and sufficient conditions for resistance regular graphs. Also we find some relationship between Laplacian matrix and resistance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-28 Deepak Sarma

Let $T$ be a tree with $n$ vertices. To each edge of $T$, we assign a weight which is a positive definite matrix of some fixed order, say, $s$. Let $D_{ij}$ denote the sum of all the weights lying in the path connecting the vertices $i$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-12 Balaji Ramamurthy , Ravindra Bapat , Shivani Goel

Resistance distance has been studied extensively in the past years, with the majority of previous studies devoted to undirected networks, in spite of the fact that various realistic networks are directed. Although several generalizations of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Mingzhe Zhu , Liwang Zhu , Huan Li , Wei Li , Zhongzhi Zhang

Let $G^{w}=(V,E,w)$ be a positive-weighted graph with the weight $w(e)>0$ for all $e\in E$. The weighted graph $G^{\widetilde{w}}=(V,E,\widetilde{w})$ is called a hyper-dual number weighted graph, where the weight…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Yu Li , Lizhu Sun , Changjiang Bu

Let $G$ be a connected graph. The resistance distance between two vertices $u$ and $v$ of $G$, denoted by $R_{G}[u,v]$, is defined as the net effective resistance between them in the electric network constructed from $G$ by replacing each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Wensheng Sun , Yujun Yang , Wuxian Chen , Shou-Jun Xu

We develop a generalized resistance geometry based on Kron reduction and effective resistance for directed graphs, paralleling classical undirected graph theory. For strongly connected directed graphs, we prove a Fiedler--Bapat identity…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yosuke Kajiura , Kazuhiro Sato

Distance well-defined graphs consist of connected undirected graphs, strongly connected directed graphs and strongly connected mixed graphs. Let $G$ be a distance well-defined graph, and let ${\sf D}(G)$ be the distance matrix of $G$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-29 Hui Zhou , Qi Ding , Ruiling Jia

Let $G$ be a connected graph with $n$ vertices. The resistance distance $\Omega_{G}(i,j)$ between any two vertices $i$ and $j$ of $G$ is defined as the effective resistance between them in the electrical network constructed from $G$ by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Wensheng Sun , Yujun Yang , Shou-Jun Xu

For a graph G, the graph R(G) of a graph G is the graph obtained by adding a new vertex for each edge of G and joining each new vertex to both end vertices of the correspond- ing edge. Let I(G) be the set of newly added vertices. In this…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Qun Liu

Distance matrices of some star like graphs are investigated in \cite{JAK}. These graphs are trees which are stars, wheel graphs, helm graphs and gear graphs. Except for gear graphs in the above list of star like graphs, there are precise…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-05 R. Balaji , Vinayak Gupta

We study the linearization of a discrete transportation distance between probability distributions on finite weighted graphs originally due to Maas (``Gradient flows of the entropy for finite {M}arkov chains,'' J. Funct. Anal. 261(8), 2011)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Sawyer Robertson , Zhengchao Wan , Alexander Cloninger

For a connected graph $G$, its resistance distance matrix is denoted by $R(G)$. A graph is called resistance regular if all the row (or column) sums of $R(G)$ are equal. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a simple connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Haritha T , Chithra A

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a finite, combinatorial graph. We define a notion of curvature on the vertices $V$ via the inverse of the resistance distance matrix. We prove that this notion of curvature has a number of desirable properties. Graphs with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-22 Karel Devriendt , Andrea Ottolini , Stefan Steinerberger
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