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This note establishes a theoretical framework for finding (potentially overparameterized) approximations of a function on a compact set with a-priori bounds for the generalization error. The approximation method considered is to choose,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-23 Arthur C. B. de Oliveira , Ruigang Wang , Ian R. Manchester , Eduardo D. Sontag

In this paper we discuss the stability properties of convolutional neural networks. Convolutional neural networks are widely used in machine learning. In classification they are mainly used as feature extractors. Ideally, we expect similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-20 Radu Balan , Maneesh Singh , Dongmian Zou

Techniques known as Nonlinear Set Membership prediction, Kinky Inference or Lipschitz Interpolation are fast and numerically robust approaches to nonparametric machine learning that have been proposed to be utilised in the context of system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-01 Jan-Peter Calliess

We determine upper asymptotic estimates of Kolmogorov and linear $n$-widths of unit balls in Sobolev and Besov norms in $L_{p}$-spaces on compact Riemannian manifolds. The proofs rely on estimates for the near-diagonal localization of the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2014-07-15 Isaac Pesenson , Daryl Geller

Lipschitz decomposition is a useful tool in the design of efficient algorithms involving metric spaces. While many bounds are known for different families of finite metrics, the optimal parameters for $n$-point subsets of $\ell_p$, for $p >…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Robert Krauthgamer , Nir Petruschka

We introduce LiPopt, a polynomial optimization framework for computing increasingly tighter upper bounds on the Lipschitz constant of neural networks. The underlying optimization problems boil down to either linear (LP) or semidefinite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Fabian Latorre , Paul Rolland , Volkan Cevher

We obtain the exact values of some important approximative quantities (such as, the best approximation, the basis width, Kolmogorov's width and the best $n$-term approximation) of certain sets of images of the diagonal operators in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-10-03 Andriy L. Shidlich , Stanislav O. Chaichenko

We provide a general approach to Lipschitz regularity of solutions for a large class of vector-valued, nonautonomous variational problems exhibiting nonuniform ellipticity. The functionals considered here range amongst those with unbalanced…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-08-02 Cristiana De Filippis , Giuseppe Mingione

We investigate the effect of explicitly enforcing the Lipschitz continuity of neural networks with respect to their inputs. To this end, we provide a simple technique for computing an upper bound to the Lipschitz constant---for multiple…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-11 Henry Gouk , Eibe Frank , Bernhard Pfahringer , Michael J. Cree

New concepts related to approximating a Lipschitz function between Banach spaces by affine functions are introduced. Results which clarify when such approximations are possible are proved and in some cases a complete characterization of the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sean M. Bates , William B. Johnson , Joram Lindenstrauss , D. Preiss , Gideon Schechtman

1-Lipschitz neural networks are fundamental for generative modelling, inverse problems, and robust classifiers. In this paper, we focus on 1-Lipschitz residual networks (ResNets) based on explicit Euler steps of negative gradient flows and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Davide Murari , Takashi Furuya , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Operator learning based on neural operators has emerged as a promising paradigm for the data-driven approximation of operators, mapping between infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. Despite significant empirical progress, our theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Samuel Lanthaler

Lipschitz constants for the width and diameter functions of a convex body in $\mathbb R^n$ are found in terms of its diameter and thickness (maximum and minimum of both functions). Also, a dual approach to thickness is proposed.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Oleg Mushkarov , Nikolai Nikolov , Pascal J. Thomas

We establish a scale separation of Kolmogorov width type between subspaces of a given Banach space under the condition that a sequence of linear maps converges much faster on one of the subspaces. The general technique is then applied to…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-10-05 Weinan E , Stephan Wojtowytsch

This short note presents a linear algebraic approach to proving dimension lower bounds for linear methods that solve $L^2$ function approximation problems. The basic argument has appeared in the literature before (e.g., Barron, 1993) for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Daniel Hsu

We study two types of approximations of Lipschitz maps with derivatives of maximal slopes on Banach spaces. First, we characterize the Radon-Nikod\'ym property in terms of strongly norm attaining Lipschitz maps and maximal derivative…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-23 Geunsu Choi

The Lipschitz constant plays a crucial role in certifying the robustness of neural networks to input perturbations. Since calculating the exact Lipschitz constant is NP-hard, efforts have been made to obtain tight upper bounds on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Yuezhu Xu , S. Sivaranjani

We report on new techniques and results in the regularity theory of general non-uniformly elliptic variational integrals. By means of a new potential theoretic approach we reproduce, in the non-uniformly elliptic setting, the optimal…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-07-31 Lisa Beck , Giuseppe Mingione

We prove that deep neural networks are capable of approximating solutions of semilinear Kolmogorov PDE in the case of gradient-independent, Lipschitz-continuous nonlinearities, while the required number of parameters in the networks grow at…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-31 Petru A. Cioica-Licht , Martin Hutzenthaler , P. Tobias Werner

We study the asymptotic behaviour of the approximation, Gelfand and Kolmogorov numbers of the compact embeddings of weighted function spaces of Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin type in the case where the weights belong to a large class. We obtain…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2015-06-16 Shun Zhang , Gensun Fang