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Recent empirical works have successfully used unlabeled data to learn feature representations that are broadly useful in downstream classification tasks. Several of these methods are reminiscent of the well-known word2vec embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Sanjeev Arora , Hrishikesh Khandeparkar , Mikhail Khodak , Orestis Plevrakis , Nikunj Saunshi

Contrastive self-supervised learning has become a prominent technique in representation learning. The main step in these methods is to contrast semantically similar and dissimilar pairs of samples. However, in the domain of Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Amrita Bhattacharjee , Mansooreh Karami , Huan Liu

Vector representations of natural language are ubiquitous in search applications. Recently, various methods based on contrastive learning have been proposed to learn textual representations from unlabelled data; by maximizing alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Sachin J. Chanchani , Ruihong Huang

Following great success in the image processing field, the idea of adversarial training has been applied to tasks in the natural language processing (NLP) field. One promising approach directly applies adversarial training developed in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Motoki Sato , Jun Suzuki , Hiroyuki Shindo , Yuji Matsumoto

We present a contrasting learning approach with data augmentation techniques to learn document representations in an unsupervised manner. Inspired by recent contrastive self-supervised learning algorithms used for image and NLP pretraining,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Dongsheng Luo , Wei Cheng , Jingchao Ni , Wenchao Yu , Xuchao Zhang , Bo Zong , Yanchi Liu , Zhengzhang Chen , Dongjin Song , Haifeng Chen , Xiang Zhang

Many tasks in Natural Language Processing involve recognizing lexical entailment. Two different approaches to this problem have been proposed recently that are quite different from each other. The first is an asymmetric similarity measure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-12-03 John Wieting

Multimodal sentiment analysis has become an increasingly popular research area as the demand for multimodal online content is growing. For multimodal sentiment analysis, words can have different meanings depending on the linguistic context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Junghun Kim , Jihie Kim

Many interpretable AI approaches have been proposed to provide plausible explanations for a model's decision-making. However, configuring an explainable model that effectively communicates among computational modules has received less…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jinyung Hong , Keun Hee Park , Theodore P. Pavlic

Although the self-supervised pre-training of transformer models has resulted in the revolutionizing of natural language processing (NLP) applications and the achievement of state-of-the-art results with regard to various benchmarks, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Xiang Chen , Xin Xie , Zhen Bi , Hongbin Ye , Shumin Deng , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen

Efficient representation of text documents is an important building block in many NLP tasks. Research on long text categorization has shown that simple weighted averaging of word vectors for sentence representation often outperforms more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Vivek Gupta , Ankit Saw , Pegah Nokhiz , Harshit Gupta , Partha Talukdar

We consider probabilistic topic models and more recent word embedding techniques from a perspective of learning hidden semantic representations. Inspired by a striking similarity of the two approaches, we merge them and learn probabilistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Anna Potapenko , Artem Popov , Konstantin Vorontsov

As an ubiquitous method in natural language processing, word embeddings are extensively employed to map semantic properties of words into a dense vector representation. They capture semantic and syntactic relations among words but the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Lutfi Kerem Senel , Ihsan Utlu , Furkan Şahinuç , Haldun M. Ozaktas , Aykut Koç

Contrastive explanations clarify why an event occurred in contrast to another. They are more inherently intuitive to humans to both produce and comprehend. We propose a methodology to produce contrastive explanations for classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Alon Jacovi , Swabha Swayamdipta , Shauli Ravfogel , Yanai Elazar , Yejin Choi , Yoav Goldberg

Ambiguity is ubiquitous in natural language. Resolving ambiguous meanings is especially important in information retrieval tasks. While word embeddings carry semantic information, they fail to handle ambiguity well. Transformer models have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Matthias Thurnbauer , Johannes Reisinger , Christoph Goller , Andreas Fischer

Multi-view clustering has become a significant area of research, with numerous methods proposed over the past decades to enhance clustering accuracy. However, in many real-world applications, it is crucial to demonstrate a clear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Mudi Jiang , Lianyu Hu , Zengyou He , Zhikui Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone in Natural Language Processing (NLP), achieving impressive performance in text generation. Their token-level representations capture rich, human-aligned semantics. However, pooling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Benedikt Roth , Stephan Rappensperger , Tianming Qiu , Hamza Imamović , Julian Wörmann , Hao Shen

Cross-modal retrieval is the task of retrieving samples of a given modality by using queries of a different one. Due to the wide range of practical applications, the problem has been mainly focused on the vision and language case, e.g. text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Jorge Sánchez , Rodrigo Laguna

Recently, representation learning with contrastive learning algorithms has been successfully applied to challenging unlabeled datasets. However, these methods are unable to distinguish important features from unimportant ones under simply…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Toshiyuki Oshima , Kentaro Takagi , Kouta Nakata

Multimodal learning from document data has achieved great success lately as it allows to pre-train semantically meaningful features as a prior into a learnable downstream task. In this paper, we approach the document classification problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Souhail Bakkali , Zuheng Ming , Mickael Coustaty , Marçal Rusiñol , Oriol Ramos Terrades

Word Embeddings are used widely in multiple Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. They are coordinates associated with each word in a dictionary, inferred from statistical properties of these words in a large corpus. In this paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Adam Sutton , Nello Cristianini