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The performance of learning-based algorithms improves with the amount of labelled data used for training. Yet, manually annotating data is particularly difficult for medical image segmentation tasks because of the limited expert…

Segment anything model (SAM) has emerged as the leading approach for zero-shot learning in segmentation tasks, offering the advantage of avoiding pixel-wise annotations. It is particularly appealing in medical image segmentation, where the…

Semantic segmentation is a crucial task in biomedical image processing, which recent breakthroughs in deep learning have allowed to improve. However, deep learning methods in general are not yet widely used in practice since they require…

The accuracy of deep learning methods for two foundational tasks in medical image analysis -- detection and segmentation -- can suffer from class imbalance. We propose a `switching loss' function that adaptively shifts the emphasis between…

Deploying deep learning (DL) models in medical applications relies on predictive performance and other critical factors, such as conveying trustworthy predictive uncertainty. Uncertainty estimation (UE) methods provide potential solutions…

This paper explores the use of a soft ground-truth mask ("soft mask'') to train a Fully Convolutional Neural Network (FCNN) for segmentation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions. Detection and segmentation of MS lesions is a complex task…

Learning a medical image segmentation model is an inherently ambiguous task, as uncertainties exist in both images (noise) and manual annotations (human errors and bias) used for model training. To build a trustworthy image segmentation…

This paper explores uncertainty quantification (UQ) as an indicator of the trustworthiness of automated deep-learning (DL) tools in the context of white matter lesion (WML) segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of…

In the field of semi-supervised medical image segmentation, the shortage of labeled data is the fundamental problem. How to effectively learn image features from unlabeled images to improve segmentation accuracy is the main research…

Radiologists use various imaging modalities to aid in different tasks like diagnosis of disease, lesion visualization, surgical planning and prognostic evaluation. Most of these tasks rely on the the accurate delineation of the anatomical…

Machine-learning-assisted cancer subtyping is a promising avenue in digital pathology. Cancer subtyping models, however, require careful training using expert annotations so that they can be inferred with a degree of known certainty (or…

Uncertainty quantification in automated image analysis is highly desired in many applications. Typically, machine learning models in classification or segmentation are only developed to provide binary answers; however, quantifying the…

The production of thematic maps depicting land cover is one of the most common applications of remote sensing. To this end, several semantic segmentation approaches, based on deep learning, have been proposed in the literature, but land…

Segmentation uncertainty models predict a distribution over plausible segmentations for a given input, which they learn from the annotator variation in the training set. However, in practice these annotations can differ systematically in…

Deep Learning models are easily disturbed by variations in the input images that were not seen during training, resulting in unpredictable behaviours. Such Out-of-Distribution (OOD) images represent a significant challenge in the context of…

Performance metrics for medical image segmentation models are used to measure the agreement between the reference annotation and the predicted segmentation. Usually, overlap metrics, such as the Dice, are used as a metric to evaluate the…

Trained using only image class label, deep weakly supervised methods allow image classification and ROI segmentation for interpretability. Despite their success on natural images, they face several challenges over histology data where ROI…

Automatic and accurate segmentation for retinal and choroidal layers of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is crucial for detection of various ocular diseases. However, because of the variations in different equipments, OCT data obtained…

Engineering simulations using boundary-value partial differential equations often implicitly assume that the uncertainty in the location of the boundary has a negligible impact on the output of the simulation. In this work, we develop a…

In the last decade, research on artificial intelligence has seen rapid growth with deep learning models, especially in the field of medical image segmentation. Various studies demonstrated that these models have powerful prediction…