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The CMS silicon tracker consists of two tracking devices utilizing semiconductor technology: the inner pixel and the outer strip detectors. They operate in a high-occupancy and high-radiation environment presented by particle collisions in…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-08-13 Viktor Veszpremi

Pixelated silicon detectors are state-of-the-art technology to achieve precise tracking and vertexing at collider experiments, designed to accurately measure the hit position of incoming particles in high rate and radiation environments.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-12-08 I. Zoi , A. Ebrahimi , F. Feindt , E. Garutti , P. Gunnellini , A. Hinzmann , C. Niemeyer , D. Pitzl , J. Schwandt , G. Steinbrück

A single-photon CMOS image sensor design based on pinned photodiode (PPD) with multiple charge transfers and sampling is described. In the proposed pixel architecture, the photogenerated signal is sampled non-destructively multiple times…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-04-07 Konstantin D. Stefanov , Martin Prest , Mark Downing , Elizabeth George , Naidu Bezawada , Andrew D. Holland

Monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) produced in a 65 nm CMOS imaging technology are being investigated for applications in particle physics. The MAPS design has a small collection electrode characterized by an input capacitance of ~fF,…

Ensuring end-to-end security in image sensors has become essential as visual data can be exposed through multiple stages of the imaging pipeline. Advanced protection requires encryption to occur before pixel values appear on any readout…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Md Rahatul Islam Udoy , Diego Ferrer , Wantong Li , Kai Ni , Sumeet Kumar Gupta , Ahmedullah Aziz

The hybrid architecture of the Timepix (TPX) family of detectors enables the use of different semiconductor sensors, most commonly silicon (Si), as well as high-density materials such as Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) or Gallium Arsenide (GaAs).…

The first evaluation of an ultra-high granularity digital electromagnetic calorimeter prototype using 1.0-5.8 GeV/c electrons is presented. The $25\times10^6$ pixel detector consists of 24 layers of ALPIDE CMOS MAPS sensors, with a pitch of…

The development of CMOS pixel sensors with column parallel read-out and integrated zero-suppression has resulted in a full size, nearly 1 Megapixel, prototype with ~100 \mu s read-out time. Its performances are quite close to the ILD vertex…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2010-07-16 Christine Hu-Guo , IPHC Collaboration , IRFU Collaboration

DEPFET pixel detectors are unique devices in terms of energy and spatial resolution because very low noise (ENC = 2.2e at room temperature) operation can be obtained by implementing the amplifying transistor in the pixel cell itself. Full…

The experiment of the future electron-positron colliders has unprecedented requirements on the vertex resolution, such as around 3micron single point resolution for the inner most detector layer, with fast readout, and very low…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-04-13 Jing Dong , Yunpeng Lu , Zhigang Wu , Yang Zhou , Qun Ouyang

In the construction of High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) and Future Circular Collider (FCC) experiments, 3D pixel sensors have become indispensable components due to their superior radiation hardness, fast response, and low…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-14 Huimin Ji , Zhihua Li , Wenzheng Cheng , Zheng Li , Kai Huang , Jing Wen , Song Liu , Manwen Liu , Jun Luo

The tracking system of the CMS experiment, currently under construction at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva, Switzerland), will include a silicon pixel detector providing three spacial measurements in its final configuration…

To detect tracks of charged particles close to the interaction point in high energy physics experiments of the next generation colliders, hybrid pixel detectors, in which sensor and read-out IC are separate entities, constitute the present…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2010-01-22 N. Wermes

For large scale applications, hybrid pixel detectors, in which sensor and read-out IC are separate entities, constitute the state of the art in pixel detector technology to date. They have been developed and start to be used as tracking…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2010-01-22 Norbert Wermes

Monolithic CMOS pixel detectors have emerged as competitive contenders in the field of high-energy particle physics detectors. By utilizing commercial processes they offer high-volume production of such detectors. A series of prototypes has…

Several new experimental concepts in high-energy particle physics have been proposed in recent years. The physical goals include precisely measuring the properties of particles such as Higgs, Z and W, and even looking for signs of new…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-08-17 Z. Y. Yuan , H. R. Qi , Y. Chang , L. W. Yu , Y. M. Cai , H. Y. Zhang , J. Zhang , Q. Ouyang , Y. L. Li , Z. Deng , H. Gong

The DEPFET collaboration develops highly granular, ultra-transparent active pixel detectors for high-performance vertex reconstruction at future collider experiments. The characterization of detector prototypes has proven that the key…

The CMS pixel detector consists of approximately 66 million silicon pixels whose analog signals are read out by 15,840 programmable Readout Chips. With the recent startup of the LHC, the detector is now collecting data used for precise…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2011-08-31 B. Kreis

The precise reconstruction of Compton-scatter events is paramount for an imaging medium-energy gamma-ray telescope. The proposed AMEGO-X is enabled by a silicon tracker utilizing AstroPix chips - a pixelated silicon HVCMOS sensor novel for…

The existing ATLAS Tracker will be at its functional limit for particle fluences of 10^15 neq/cm^2 (LHC). Thus for the upgrades at smaller radii like in the case of the planned Insertable B-Layer (IBL) and for increased LHC luminosities…

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