Related papers: Thermal Electrons in Mildly-relativistic Synchrotr…
We discuss here constraints on the particle acceleration models from the observed gamma-ray bursts spectra. The standard synchrotron shock model assumes that some fraction of available energy is given instantaneously to the electrons which…
The simulation of non-equilibrium electron distributions is essential for capturing light-metal interactions and therefore the study of photoabsorption, photocatalysis, laser ablation, and many other phenomena. Current methodologies, such…
The most important evidences for non-thermal phenomena in galaxy clusters comes from the spectacular synchrotron radio emission diffused over Mpc scale observed in a growing number of massive clusters. A promising possibility to explain…
In this paper we show that the kinetic instabilities associated with runaway electron beams play an essential role for the production of high-level non-thermal electron-cyclotron-emission (ECE) radiation. Most of the non-thermal ECE comes…
We present laboratory results on energy partitioning from supercritical, magnetized collisionless shock experiments ($\rm{M_A} \sim 8$, $\rm{M_{ms}}\sim 4$). We report the first observation of fully-developed laboratory shocks that evolve…
A growing number of both galactic and extragalactic supernova remnants show non-thermal (non-plerionic) emission in the X-ray band. New synchrotron models, realized as SRESC and SRCUT in XSPEC 11, which use the radio spectral index and flux…
This paper extends our earlier work on the acceleration of low-energy electrons by plasma turbulence to include the effects of finite temperature of the plasma. We consider the resonant interaction of thermal electrons with the whole…
Electron and ion energization (i.e., heating and nonthermal acceleration) is a fundamental, but poorly understood, outcome of plasma turbulence. In this work, we present new results on this topic from particle-in-cell simulations of driven…
In this Letter we investigate the possible emission of low-energy electron neutrinos and electron-positron pairs of anomalously large multiplicity in close-to-central $pp$ collisions at LHC. The scenario is based on confining SU(2)…
The ejected material at the binary neutron star merger GW 170817 was confirmed as a kilonova by UV, optical, and IR observations. This event provides a unique opportunity to investigate the particle acceleration at a mildly relativistic…
We present theoretical expectations for non-thermal emission due to the bulk Comptonization at the ultra-relativistic shock breakout. We calculate the transfer of photons emitted from the shocked matter with a Monte Carlo code fully taking…
Thermal resonance, in which the temperature amplitude attains a maximum value (peak) in response to an external exciting frequency source, is a phenomenon pertinent to the presence of underdamped thermal oscillations and explicit…
Does overall thermal equilibrium exist between ions and electrons in a weakly collisional, magnetised, turbulent plasma---and, if not, how is thermal energy partitioned between ions and electrons? This is a fundamental question in plasma…
Photospheric (thermal) emission is inherent to the gamma-ray burst (GRB) "fireball" model. We show here, that inclusion of this component in the analysis of the GRB prompt emission phase naturally explains some of the prompt GRB spectra…
The nonthermal source abundances of elements play a crucial role in the understanding of cosmic ray (CR) phenomena from a few GeV up to several tens of EeV. We present a first systematic approach to describe the change of the abundances…
Within a test-particle description of the acceleration process in parallel nonrelativistic shocks, we present an analytic treatment of the electron injection. We estimate the velocity distribution of the injected electrons as the product of…
The acceleration of suprathermal electrons in the solar wind is mainly associated with shocks driven by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). It is well known that the acceleration of electrons is much more efficient at…
A semiempirical theory for the excitation and subsequent relaxation of nonthermal electrons is described. The theory, which is applicable to ultrafast-laser excited metals, is based on the Boltzmann transport equation for the carrier…
Recent results of the hectic research activity about gamma-ray bursts will be reviewed, with emphasis about the emission processes at the origin of the observed gamma-rays. The conventional synchrotron shock scenario is found to have…
Nonthermal radiation is observed from clusters of galaxies in the radio, hard X-rays, and possibly in the soft X-ray/UV bands. While it is known that radiative processes related to nonthermal electrons are responsible for this radiation,…