Related papers: Context-independent mapping and free choice are eq…
Efforts to construct deeper, realistic, level of physical description, in which individual systems have, like in classical physics, preexisting properties revealed by measurements are known as hidden-variable programs. Demonstrations that a…
We define criteria for a hidden variables theory to be Lorentz invariant and prove that it implies no signaling. As a result, we show that a Lorentz invariant and contextual theory (e.g., quantum field theory) must be genuinely stochastic,…
Structural independence is the (conditional) independence that arises from the structure rather than the precise numerical values of a distribution. We develop this concept and relate it to $d$-separation and structural causal models.…
We introduce a contextual quantum system comprising mutually complementary observables organized into two or more collections of pseudocontexts with the same probability sums of outcomes. These pseudocontexts constitute non-orthogonal bases…
It is well-known that the notion of (strong) conditional independence (CI) is too restrictive to capture independencies that only hold in certain contexts. This kind of contextual independency, called context-strong independence (CSI), can…
On one side, so far a great part of the evidence accepted as proof of the alleged quantum non-locality relied on inhomogeneous Bell inequalities involving an additional assumption (no-enhancement) whose role had not been sufficiently…
The contextuality of quantum mechanics, i.e. the measurement outcome dependence upon previously made measurements, can be shown by the violation of inequalities based on measurements of well chosen observables. An important property of such…
Testing conditional independence between two random vectors given a third is a fundamental and challenging problem in statistics, particularly in multivariate nonparametric settings due to the complexity of conditional structures. We…
We propose a method to distinguish causal influence from hidden confounding in the following scenario: given a target variable Y, potential causal drivers X, and a large number of background features, we propose a novel criterion for…
Mining genuine mechanisms underlying the complex data generation process in real-world systems is a fundamental step in promoting interpretability of, and thus trust in, data-driven models. Therefore, we propose a variation-based cause…
It is well known that while the independence of random variables implies zero correlation, the opposite is not true. Namely, uncorrelated random variables are not necessarily independent. In this note we show that the implication could be…
The derivation of Bell inequalities requires an assumption of measurement independence, related to the amount of free will experimenters have in choosing measurement settings. Violation of these inequalities by singlet state correlations,…
A local and deterministic model of quantum correlations is always possible, as shown explicitly by Brans in 1988: one simply needs the physical systems being measured to have a suitable statistical correlation with the physical systems…
Standard practice in Hidden Markov Model (HMM) selection favors the candidate with the highest full-sequence likelihood, although this is equivalent to making a decision based on a single realization. We introduce a \emph{fragment-based}…
Bell's theorem demonstrates that any physical theory that is consistent with the predictions of quantum mechanics, and which satisfies some apparently innocuous assumptions, must violate the principle of local causality. It may therefore be…
Quantum nonlocality and contextuality are two phenomena stemming from nonclassical correlations. Whereas the former requires entanglement that is consumed in the measurement process the latter can occur for any state if one chooses a proper…
We demonstrate in this paper that the probabilities for sequential measurements have features very different from those of single-time measurements. First, they cannot be modelled by a classical stochastic process. Second, they are…
Superdeterminism has received recent attention as a possible path toward a locally causal explanation of the entanglement correlations that appear in experimental tests of Bell's theorem. While the term `superdeterminism' was coined by Bell…
There are two different and logically independent concepts of noncontextuality in quantum mechanics. First, an ontological (hidden variable) model for quantum mechanics is called noncontextual if every ontic (hidden) state determines the…
This paper provides a framework for characterizing sequential scenarios, allowing for the identification of contextuality given empirical data, and then provides precise operational interpretations in terms of the possible hidden variable…