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Multi-Factor Authentication is intended to strengthen the security of password-based authentication by adding another factor, such as hardware tokens or one-time passwords using mobile apps. However, this increased authentication security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Sabrina Amft , Sandra Höltervennhoff , Nicolas Huaman , Alexander Krause , Lucy Simko , Yasemin Acar , Sascha Fahl

Previous Web access authentication systems often use either the Web or the Mobile channel individually to confirm the claimed identity of the remote user. This paper proposes a new protocol using multifactor authentication system that is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-11-15 Ayu Tiwari , Sudip Sanyal , Ajith Abraham , Svein Johan Knapskog , Sugata Sanyal

Nowadays, cyberattacks are growing exponentially, causing havoc to Internet users. In particular, authentication attacks constitute the major attack vector where intruders impersonate legitimate users to maliciously access systems or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ang Kok Wee , Eyasu Getahun Chekole , Jianying Zhou

Two-factor authentication (2FA) has become widely adopted as an efficient and secure way to validate someone's identity online. Two-factor authentication is difficult in virtual reality (VR) because users are usually wearing a head-mounted…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Aiur Nanzatov , Lourdes Peña-Castillo , Oscar Meruvia-Pastor

In the era of pervasive cyber threats and exponential growth in digital services, the inadequacy of single-factor authentication has become increasingly evident. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), which combines knowledge-based factors…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Abdelilah Ganmati , Karim Afdel , Lahcen Koutti

This paper analyses the various authentication systems implemented for enhanced security and private re-position of an individual's log-in credentials. The first part of the paper describes the multi-factor authentication (MFA) systems,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-02-04 Tuhin Borgohain , Amardeep Borgohain , Uday Kumar , Sugata Sanyal

Credential theft and remote attacks are the most serious threats to user authentication mechanisms. The crux of these problems is that we cannot control such behaviors. However, if a password does not contain user secrets, stealing it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Suyun Borjigin

Traditional single-factor authentication possesses several critical security vulnerabilities due to single-point failure feature. Multi-factor authentication (MFA), intends to enhance security by providing additional verification steps.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sanchari Das , Bingxing Wang , L. Jean Camp

Heuristics for user experience state that users will transfer their expectations from one product to another. A lack of consistency between products can increase users' cognitive friction, leading to frustration and rejection. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Sanam Ghorbani Lyastani , Michael Backes , Sven Bugiel

Face mask detection has become increasingly important recently, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many face detection models have been developed in smart entryways using IoT. However, there is a lack of IoT development on face mask…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Zakiah Ayop , Wan Mohamad Hariz Bin Wan Mohamad Rosdi , Looi Wei Hua , Syarulnaziah Anawar , Nur Fadzilah Othman

In contemporary mobile user authentication systems, verifying user legitimacy has become paramount due to the widespread use of smartphones. Although fingerprint and facial recognition are widely used for mobile authentication, PIN-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Yooshin Kim , Namhyeok Kwon , Donghoon Shin

Two-factor authentication protects online accounts even if passwords are leaked. Most users, however, prefer password-only authentication. One reason why two-factor authentication is so unpopular is the extra steps that the user must…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Nikolaos Karapanos , Claudio Marforio , Claudio Soriente , Srdjan Capkun

Risk-based authentication (RBA) aims to protect users against attacks involving stolen passwords. RBA monitors features during login, and requests re-authentication when feature values widely differ from previously observed ones. It is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Stephan Wiefling , Paul René Jørgensen , Sigurd Thunem , Luigi Lo Iacono

Encrypted cloud storage services are steadily increasing in popularity, with many commercial solutions currently available. In such solutions, the cloud storage is trusted for data availability, but not for confidentiality. Additionally,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Anders Dalskov , Daniele Lain , Enis Ulqinaku , Kari Kostiainen , Srdjan Capkun

Considering computer systems, security is the major concern with usability. Security policies need to be developed to protect information from unauthorized access. Passwords and secrete codes used between users and information systems for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-27 Sharayu A. Aghav , RajneeshKaur Bedi

Password security can no longer provide enough security in the area of remote user authentication. Considering this security drawback, researchers are trying to find solution with multifactor remote user authentication system. Recently,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Hossen Asiful Mustafa , Hasan Muhammad Kafi

User authentication is one of the most important part of information security. Computer security most commonly depends on passwords to authenticate human users. Password authentication systems will be either been usable but not secure, or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-11-19 Gloriya Mathew , Shiney Thomas

Internet banking (IB) continues to face security concerns arising from illegal access to users accounts. Use of personal identification numbers (PIN) as a single authentication method for IB users is prone to insecurities such as phishing,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Cherinor Umaru Bah , Afzaal Hussain Seyal , Umar Yahya

This study investigates the effectiveness of multifactor authentication (MFA) in protecting commercial accounts from unauthorized access, with an additional focus on accounts with known credential leaks. We employ the benchmark-multiplier…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Lucas Augusto Meyer , Sergio Romero , Gabriele Bertoli , Tom Burt , Alex Weinert , Juan Lavista Ferres

Recent studies have shown how motion-based biometrics can be used as a form of user authentication and identification without requiring any human cooperation. This category of behavioural biometrics deals with the features we learn in our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Akriti Verma , Valeh Moghaddam , Adnan Anwar