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The superconducting diode effect (SDE) is a fundamental building block for dissipationless nonreciprocal electronics, yet its microscopic origins in thin films often involve competing mechanisms that remain debated. Here, we demonstrate…

Superconductivity · Physics 2026-02-25 E. B. de Melo Junior , E. Strambini , F. Giazotto , C. I. L. de Araujo

We predict a field-free transverse Josephson diode effect in altermagnets (AMs) with Rashba spin--orbit coupling, achieving diode efficiencies exceeding $3000\%$ and unidirectional transverse supercurrents in four-terminal junctions. In…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Bijay Kumar Sahoo , Abhiram Soori

Superconducting diodes, similar to semiconductor diodes, possess unidirectional superconducting properties and are the fundamental units for constructing superconducting quantum computing, thus attracting widespread attention. At present,…

We here propose and study theoretically a non-equilibrium mechanism for the superconducting diode effect, which applies specifically to the case where time-reversal-symmetry -- a prerequisite for the diode effect -- is spontaneously broken…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-09-17 Sayan Banerjee , Mathias S. Scheurer

Non-reciprocity in the critical current has been observed in a variety of superconducting systems and has been called the superconducting diode effect. The origin underlying the effect depends on the symmetry breaking mechanisms at play. We…

The superconducting diode effect (SDE) is characterized by its nonreciprocal nature in critical supercurrents. However, realizing a longitudinal SDE typically requires simultaneous time-reversal ($\mathcal{T}$) and inversion ($\mathcal{P}$)…

Superconductivity · Physics 2026-01-13 Ruo-Peng Yu , Jin-Xin Hu , Zi-Ting Sun

We study charge transport across a junction between a normal metal and a Rashba metal in the presence of a Zeeman field applied to the spin--orbit coupled region. While an out-of-plane Zeeman field does not generate a transverse response in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Megha Bera , Bijay Kumar Sahoo , Abhiram Soori

The superconducting diode effect is one of the nonreciprocal transport phenomena, where the critical current depends on the current direction. This effect is typically realized in superconductors with broken spatial-inversion and…

A noncentrosymmetric superconductor can have a superconducting diode effect, where the critical current in opposite directions is different when time-reversal symmetry is also broken. We theoretically propose that a ferroelectric…

Superconductivity · Physics 2022-10-26 Baoxing Zhai , Bohao Li , Yao Wen , Fengcheng Wu , Jun He

Nonreciprocal charge transport phenomena are widely studied in two-dimensional superconductors, which demonstrate unidirectional-anisotropy magnetoresistances as a result of symmetry breaking. Here, we report a strong nonreciprocal…

We study theoretically the superconductor diodes, where the magnitude of the critical current changes as the direction is reversed, in terms of a generalized Ginzburg-Landau model with the higher-order terms in the momentum of the order…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-01-17 James Jun He , Yukio Tanaka , Naoto Nagaosa

Symmetry elegantly governs the fundamental properties and derived functionalities of condensed matter. For instance, realizing the superconducting diode effect (SDE) demands breaking space-inversion and time-reversal symmetries…

We present a unifying picture of the magnetic in-plane anisotropies of two-dimensional superconductors based on transition metal dichalcogenides. The symmetry considerations are first applied to constrain the form of the conductivity…

Superconductivity · Physics 2022-01-21 Menashe Haim , Alex Levchenko , Maxim Khodas

The recent realization of zero-field, polarity-reversible supercurrent rectification in proximity-magnetized Rashba-type Pt Josephson junctions (JJs) enables the development of superconducting logic circuits and cryogenic memory…

Current studies of non-reciprocal superconducting (SC) transport have centered on the forward-backward asymmetry of the critical current measured along a single axis. In most realizations, this diode effect is achieved via introducing…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-12-05 F. Yang , L. Q. Chen

Nonreciprocal superconducting devices have attracted growing interest in recent years as they potentially enable directional charge transport for applications in superconducting quantum circuits. Specifically, the superconducting diode…

The macroscopic coherence in superconductors supports dissipationless supercurrents which could play a central role in emerging quantum technologies. Accomplishing unequal supercurrents in the forward and backward directions would enable…

Compensated magnetic orders that can split the spin-degeneracy of electronic bands have become a very active field of research. As opposed to spin-orbit coupling, the splitting resulting from these "altermagnets" is not a small relativistic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-08 Saurav Sachin , Mathias S. Scheurer , Constantin Schrade , Sujit Manna

Nonreciprocal transport phenomena have attracted much attention in modern condensed matter physics. In the field of superconductivity, the superconducting diode effect (SDE) has been one of the central topics. Recent theoretical studies for…

Superconductivity · Physics 2022-12-20 Yuhei Ikeda , Akito Daido , Youichi Yanase

Superconductors that spontaneously break time-reversal symmetry host complex order parameters and are widely regarded as a hallmark of unconventional superconductivity. Whether such symmetry breaking can also arise in superconductors with…