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The healthcare industry generates troves of unlabelled physiological data. This data can be exploited via contrastive learning, a self-supervised pre-training method that encourages representations of instances to be similar to one another.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Dani Kiyasseh , Tingting Zhu , David A. Clifton

Despite the promising performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in brain tumor diagnosis from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), their integration into the clinical workflow has been limited. That is mainly due to the fact that the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-04 Sara Ketabi , Matthias W. Wagner , Cynthia Hawkins , Uri Tabori , Birgit Betina Ertl-Wagner , Farzad Khalvati

Contrastive learning (CL), which can extract the information shared between different contrastive views, has become a popular paradigm for vision representation learning. Inspired by the success in computer vision, recent work introduces CL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Xumeng Gong , Cheng Yang , Chuan Shi

Medical image segmentation has been widely recognized as a pivot procedure for clinical diagnosis, analysis, and treatment planning. However, the laborious and expensive annotation process lags down the speed of further advances.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Zhuowei Li , Zihao Liu , Zhiqiang Hu , Qing Xia , Ruiqin Xiong , Shaoting Zhang , Dimitris Metaxas , Tingting Jiang

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are widely used non-invasive measurements of cardiac activity and play a central role in clinical diagnosis. Recent multimodal approaches align ECG signals with clinical reports to incorporate diagnostic semantics,…

Automatic extraction of medical conditions from free-text radiology reports is critical for supervising computer vision models to interpret medical images. In this work, we show that radiologists labeling reports significantly disagree with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-16 Saahil Jain , Akshay Smit , Steven QH Truong , Chanh DT Nguyen , Minh-Thanh Huynh , Mudit Jain , Victoria A. Young , Andrew Y. Ng , Matthew P. Lungren , Pranav Rajpurkar

Learning Electronic Health Records (EHRs) representation is a preeminent yet under-discovered research topic. It benefits various clinical decision support applications, e.g., medication outcome prediction or patient similarity search.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Hao-Ren Yao , Nairen Cao , Katina Russell , Der-Chen Chang , Ophir Frieder , Jeremy Fineman

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with radiology marks a transformative era in medicine. Vision foundation models have been adopted to enhance radiologic imaging analysis. However, the distinct complexities of radiologic 2D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zhixiu Lu , Hailong Li , Nehal A. Parikh , Jonathan R. Dillman , Lili He

In multi-label learning, leveraging contrastive learning to learn better representations faces a key challenge: selecting positive and negative samples and effectively utilizing label information. Previous studies selected positive and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Ning Chen , Shen-Huan Lyu , Tian-Shuang Wu , Yanyan Wang , Bin Tang

Although numerous complex algorithms for treatment effect estimation have been developed in recent years, their effectiveness remains limited when handling insufficiently labeled training sets due to the high cost of labeling the effect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Hechuan Wen , Tong Chen , Mingming Gong , Li Kheng Chai , Shazia Sadiq , Hongzhi Yin

Computed tomography (CT) and clinical numeric data are essential modalities for cancer evaluation, but building large-scale multimodal training datasets for developing medical foundation models remains challenging due to the structural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Daeun Jung , Jaehyeok Jang , Sooyoung Jang , Yu Rang Park

Automatic radiology report generation is a promising application of multimodal deep learning, aiming to reduce reporting workload and improve consistency. However, current state-of-the-art (SOTA) systems - such as Multimodal AI for…

The development of AI-based methods to analyze radiology reports could lead to significant advances in medical diagnosis, from improving diagnostic accuracy to enhancing efficiency and reducing workload. However, the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yuyan Ge , Kwan Ho Ryan Chan , Pablo Messina , René Vidal

Sequential recommender systems (SRS) are designed to predict users' future behaviors based on their historical interaction data. Recent research has increasingly utilized contrastive learning (CL) to leverage unsupervised signals to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Peilin Zhou , You-Liang Huang , Yueqi Xie , Jingqi Gao , Shoujin Wang , Jae Boum Kim , Sunghun Kim

Causal representation learning (CRL) models aim to transform high-dimensional data into a latent space, enabling interventions to generate counterfactual samples or modify existing data based on the causal relationships among latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Alireza Sadeghi , Wael AbdAlmageed

Japanese language models for medical text classification face challenges with complex vocabulary and linguistic structures in radiology reports. This study compared three Japanese models--BERT Base, JMedRoBERTa, and ModernBERT--for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yosuke Yamagishi , Tomohiro Kikuchi , Shouhei Hanaoka , Takeharu Yoshikawa , Osamu Abe

Graph contrastive learning (GCL) is an effective paradigm for node representation learning in graphs. The key components hidden behind GCL are data augmentation and positive-negative pair selection. Typical data augmentations in GCL, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Jiaqiang Zhang , Songcan Chen

With the emergence of large-scale vision-language models, realistic radiology reports may be generated using only medical images as input guided by simple prompts. However, their practical utility has been limited due to the factual errors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 R. Mahmood , K. C. L. Wong , D. M. Reyes , N. D'Souza , L. Shi , J. Wu , P. Kaviani , M. Kalra , G. Wang , P. Yan , T. Syeda-Mahmood

Contrastive learning has emerged as a pivotal framework for representation learning, underpinning advances in both unimodal and bimodal applications like SimCLR and CLIP. To address fundamental limitations like large batch size dependency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Ajay Jagannath , Aayush Upadhyay , Anant Mehta

Integrating supervised contrastive loss to cross entropy-based communication has recently been proposed as a solution to address the long-tail learning problem. However, when the class imbalance ratio is high, it requires adjusting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Charika De Alvis , Dishanika Denipitiyage , Suranga Seneviratne