Related papers: Measuring the Consolidation of DNS and Web Hosting…

The Domain Name System (DNS) service is one of the pillars of the Internet. This service allows users to access websites on the Internet through easy-to-remember domain names rather than complex numeric IP addresses. DNS acts as a directory…

There have been growing concerns about the concentration and centralization of Internet infrastructure. In this work, we scrutinize the hosting industry on the Internet by using active measurements, covering 19 Top-Level Domains (TLDs). We…

There is a growing concern about consolidation trends in Internet services, with, for instance, a large fraction of popular websites depending on a handful of third-party service providers. In this paper, we report on a large-scale study of…

We present measurements showing that the top one million most popular Web domains are reachable within 13ms (in the median) from a collective of just 12 cloud data centers. We explore the consequences of this Web "consolidation", focusing…

The domain name system (DNS) is a crucial backbone of the Internet and millions of new domains are created on a daily basis. While the vast majority of these domains are legitimate, adversaries also register new hostnames to carry out…

Understanding web co-location is essential for various reasons. For instance, it can help one to assess the collateral damage that denial-of-service attacks or IP-based blocking can cause to the availability of co-located web sites.…

Over the past decade, Internet centralization and its implications for both people and the resilience of the Internet has become a topic of active debate. While the networking community informally agrees on the definition of centralization,…

The Internet Engineering Task Force is standardizing new DNS resource records, namely SVCB and HTTPS. Both records inform clients about endpoint and service properties such as supported application layer protocols, IP address hints or…

In order to evaluate the prevalence of security and privacy practices on a representative sample of the Web, researchers rely on website popularity rankings such as the Alexa list. While the validity and representativeness of these rankings…

The Domain Name System (DNS) is essential for the Internet, giving a mechanism to resolve hostnames into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS is known as the world's largest distributed database that manages hostnames and Internet…

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of global web usage patterns based on data from SimilarWeb, a leading source for estimating web traffic. Leveraging a dataset comprising over 250,000 websites, we estimate the total web traffic…

DNS is a basic Internet service which almost all other user services depend on. However, what has been perceived in practice are a lot of inconsistencies and errors in the configuration of servers that cause different problems. The majority…

Several encryption proposals for DNS have been presented since 2016, but their adoption was not comprehensively studied yet. This research measured the current adoption of DoH (DNS over HTTPS), DoT (DNS over TLS), and DoQ (DNS over QUIC)…

We perform a large-scale analysis of third-party trackers on the World Wide Web from more than 3.5 billion web pages of the CommonCrawl 2012 corpus. We extract a dataset containing more than 140 million third-party embeddings in over 41…

As Internet users have become more savvy about the potential for their Internet communication to be observed, the use of network traffic encryption technologies (e.g., HTTPS/TLS) is on the rise. However, even when encryption is enabled,…

Online government services are increasingly regarded as critical national infrastructure. Because these services directly influence public trust, any disruption can have significant societal and political consequences. Yet their supporting…

The domain name system (DNS) is one of the most important components of today's Internet, and is the standard naming convention between human-readable domain names and machine-routable IP addresses of Internet resources. However, due to the…

The recent October 2016 DDoS attack on Dyn served as a wakeup call to the security community as many popular and independent webservices (e.g., Twitter, Spotify) were impacted. This incident raises a larger question on the fragility of…

Web services commonly employ Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) for performance and security. As web traffic is becoming 100% HTTPS, more and more websites allow CDNs to terminate their HTTPS connections. This practice may expose a…

Domain names are key assets for organisation. They anchor an organisation's online presence and reputation, and serve as linking pin for web services and, e.g., email. Consequently, a malicious takeover of a domain can lead to significant…