Related papers: How can the nucleus be lighter than its constituen…
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. It is also the lightest and as such the most quantum of the elements, in the sense that quantum tunnelling, quantum delocalisation, and zero-point motion can be important. For practical…
Molecular structure is often considered as emerging from the decoherence effect of the environment. Electrons are part of the environment of the nuclei in a molecule. In this work, their contribution to the classical-like geometrical…
A nucleus is a quantum many body system made of strongly interacting Fermions, protons and neutrons (nucleons). This produces a rich Nuclear Equation of State whose knowledge is crucial to our understanding of the composition and evolution…
What is the size of the atomic nucleus? This deceivably simple question is difficult to answer. While the electric charge distributions in atomic nuclei were measured accurately already half a century ago, our knowledge of the distribution…
We conclude that nucleon is a many body complex system whose low-energy behaviour is determined mainly by strong interaction. Non-perturbative approach to QCD, such as QCD sum rule and the QCD based effective theory, and the models such as…
In the recent years there was published some papers in which the photons are represented as electromagnetic solitons [1,2,3]. All particles - solitons - represent some electromagnetic field restricted in a very small volume, length,…
Atomic nuclei are the core of everything we can see. At the first level of approximation, their atomic weights are simply the sum of the masses of all the nucleons they contain. Each nucleon has a mass $m_N \approx 1\,$GeV, i.e.…
Hydrogen atom is studied as a quantum-classical hybrid system, where the proton is treated as a classical object while the electron is regarded as a quantum object. We use a well known mean-field approach to describe this hybrid hydrogen…
Neutrinos are the most elusive particles in our universe. They have masses at least one million times smaller than the electron mass, carry no electric charge, and very weakly interact with other particles, meaning they are rarely captured…
The simplest quantum composite body, a hydrogen atom, is considered in the presence of a weak external gravitational field. We define an operator for the passive gravitational mass of the atom in the post-Newtonian approximation of the…
It is shown that hydrogen atom is a unique object in physics having negative energy of electric field, which is present in the atom. This refers also to some hydrogen-type atoms: hydrogen anti-atom, atom composed of proton and antiproton,…
Motivated by a revision of the classical equations of electromagnetism that allow for the inclusion of solitary waves in the solution space, the material collected in these notes examines the consequences of adopting the modified model in…
The masses of the quarks and leptons are for the most part a mystery to particle physicists. Currently there seems to be no correlation between the masses of the elementary particles. This paper is an attempt to formulate a theory that…
We apply the non-linear Euler-Heisenberg theory to calculate the electric field inside the hydrogen atom. We will demonstrate that the electric field calculated in the Euler-Heisenberg theory can be much smaller than the corresponding field…
Repulsive interactions between neutrons in compact stellar cores cause luminosity and a steady outflow of hydrogen from stellar surfaces. Neutron repulsion in more massive compact objects made by gravitational collapse produces violent,…
Modern quantum theory introduces quantum structures (decompositions into subsystems) as a new discourse that is not fully comparable with the classical-physics counterpart. To this end, so-called Entanglement Relativity appears as a…
The physical mechanism of nuclear reactions at low energies caused by spatial extension of electron is considered. Nuclear reactions of this type represent intra-electronic processes, more precisely, the processes occurring inside the area…
The Rutherford planetary model of a proton-electron atom is modified. Besides the Coulomb interaction of the point electron with the proton, its strong Coulomb interaction with the physical vacuum as well as the magnetic interaction between…
In this work we consider an extraordinary quantum mechanical effect when, roughly speaking, the nucleus of an atom becomes (linearly) larger than the whole atom. Precisely, we consider Helium ion (in the ground state of the electron) moving…
Atomic nuclei lie at the core of everything visible; and at the first level of approximation, their atomic weights are simply the sum of the masses of all the neutrons and protons (nucleons) they contain. Each nucleon has a mass $m_N…