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Digital wallet as a software program or a digital device allows users to conduct various transactions. Hot and cold digital wallets are considered as two types of this wallet. Digital wallets need an online connection fall into the first…
Distributed ledger technology such as blockchain is considered essential for supporting large numbers of micro-transactions in the Machine Economy, which is envisioned to involve billions of connected heterogeneous and decentralized…
Cryptocurrency users increasingly rely on obfuscation techniques such as mixers, swappers, and decentralised or no-KYC exchanges to protect their anonymity. However, at the same time, these services are exploited by criminals to conceal and…
Following the birth of Bitcoin and the introduction of the Ethereum ERC20 protocol a decade ago, recent years have witnessed a growing number of cryptographic tokens that are being introduced by researchers, private sector companies and…
Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated remarkable success across various applications. In light of this trend, the field of automated trading has developed a keen interest in leveraging AI techniques to forecast the future prices of…
The full implementation of the metaverse requires the integration of the physical and digital worlds. Applications built on Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) hold the power to move society closer towards the ideal metaverse through…
Blockchain technologies underpin an expanding ecosystem of decentralized applications, financial systems, and infrastructure. However, the fundamental networking layer that sustains these systems, the peer-to-peer layer, of all but the top…
Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) promise decentralization, transparency, and security, yet the reality often falls short due to fundamental governance flaws. Poorly designed governance frameworks leave these systems vulnerable to…
The growth potential of a crypto(currency) project can be measured by the use cases spurred by the underlying technology. However, these projects are usually distributed, with a weak feedback schemes. Hence, a metric that is widely used as…
Limited scalability and transaction costs are, among others, some of the critical issues that hamper a wider adoption of distributed ledger technologies (DLT). That is particularly true for the Ethereum blockchain, which, so far, has been…
Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer distributed cryptocurrency system, that keeps all transaction history in a public ledger known as blockchain. The Bitcoin network is implicitly pseudoanonymous and its nodes are controlled by independent entities…
Multifractality is a concept that helps compactly grasping the most essential features of the financial dynamics. In its fully developed form, this concept applies to essentially all mature financial markets and even to more liquid…
Cryptocurrencies represent one of the most attractive markets for financial speculation. As a consequence, they have attracted unprecedented attention on social media. Besides genuine discussions and legitimate investment initiatives,…
The Ethereum network, built on the devp2p protocol stack, was designed to function as a "world computer" by supporting decentralized applications through a shared P2P infrastructure. However, the proliferation of blockchain forks has…
The functioning of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin relies on the open availability of the entire history of its transactions. This makes it a particularly interesting socio-economic system to analyse from the point of view of network science.…
Blockchains are distributed data structures that are used to achieve consensus in systems for cryptocurrencies (like Bitcoin) or smart contracts (like Ethereum). Although blockchains gained a lot of popularity recently, there is no…
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) has an enormous potential but also downsides. One downside of many DLT systems, such as blockchain, is their limited transaction throughput that hinders their adoption in many use cases (e.g., real-time…
Renewable energy sources (RES) are among the most popular emerging energy resources during the past two decades. Many countries have introduced various energy policy instruments, such as renewable energy certificates (RECs), to support the…
This paper reviews the applications of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in blockchain technology. As the complexity and adoption of blockchain networks continue to…
Distributed ledger technologies have gained significant attention and adoption in recent years. Despite various security features distributed ledger technology provides, they are vulnerable to different and new malicious attacks, such as…