Related papers: An Abelian Loop for Non-Composites

A practical implementation of the non-Abelian Stokes theorem for topologically nontrivial loops (knots) with possible intersections is proposed.

A basic fact taught in undergraduate algebra courses is that every finite nilpotent group is a direct product of $p$-groups. Already Bruck observed that this does not generalize to loops. In particular, there exist nilpotent loops of size…

We prove an elementary additive combinatorics inequality, which says that if $A$ is a subset of an Abelian group, which has, in some strong sense, large doubling, then the difference set A-A has a large subset, which has small doubling.

We study the set of Dedekind cuts over a linearly ordered Abelian group as a structure over the language (0,<,+,-). Moreover, we obtain a simple set of axioms for the universal part of the theory of such structures. Finally, we prove that…

Our paper deals with the investigation of extensions of commutative groups by loops so that the quasigroups that result in the multiplication between cosets of the kernel subgroup are T-quasigroups. We limit our study to extensions in which…

Suppose that $A$, $B$ and $S$ are non-empty subsets of a finite abelian group $G$. Then the generalized restricted sumset $$ A\stackrel{S}+B:=\{a+b:\,a\in A,\ b\in B,\ a-b\not\in S\} $$ contains at least $$ \min\{|A|+|B|-3|S|,p(G)\} $$…

A left Bol loop is a loop satisfying $x(y(xz)) = (x(yx))z$. The commutant of a loop is the set of elements which commute with all elements of the loop. In a finite Bol loop of odd order or of order $2k$, $k$ odd, the commutant is a subloop.…

The Sylow theorems hold for finite extra loops, as does P. Hall's theorem for finite solvable extra loops. Every finite nonassociative extra loop $Q$ has a nontrivial center, $Z(Q)$. Furthermore, $Q/Z(Q)$ is a group whenever $|Q| < 512$.…

Let A,B,S be finite subsets of an abelian group G. Suppose that the restricted sumset C={a+b: a in A, b in B, and a-b not in S} is nonempty and some c in C can be written as a+b with a in A and b in B in at most m ways. We show that if G is…

For each member $\mathcal{A}$ of a family of linear cycle sets whose underlying abelian group is cyclic of order a power of a prime number, we compute all the central extensions of $\mathcal{A}$ by an arbitrary abelian group.

Let $A$ be an abelian variety defined over a number field $K$ and let $A^{\vee}$ be the dual abelian variety. For an odd prime $p$, we consider two Selmer groups attached to $A[p]$ and relate the orders of these groups along with those of…

The set of prime numbers has been analyzed, based on their algebraic and arithmetical structure. Here by obtaining a sort of linear formula for the set of prime numbers, they are redefined and identified; under a systematic procedure it has…

Two finite words $u$ and $v$ are called Abelian equivalent if each letter occurs equally many times in both $u$ and $v$. The abelian closure $\mathcal{A}(\mathbf{x})$ of (the shift orbit closure of) an infinite word $\mathbf{x}$ is the set…

We show that after mapping each element of a set of second class constraints to the surface of the other ones, half of them form a subset of abelian first class constraints. The explicit form of the map is obtained considering the most…

The set of formal power series with coefficients in an associative but noncommutative algebra becomes a loop with the substitution product. We initiate the study of this loop by describing certain Lie and Sabinin algebras related to it.…

Generalising a previous result, we determine all non-abelian finite simple groups whose order has largest prime divisor not exceeding $10^4$. The computer code for this and similar calculations is made available.

The classical Ulam sequence is defined recursively as follows: $a_1=1$, $a_2=2$, and $a_n$, for $n > 2$, is the smallest integer not already in the sequence that can be written uniquely as the sum of two distinct earlier terms. This…

We construct a Moufang loop $M$ of order $3^{19}$ and a pair $a,b$ of its elements such that the set of all elements of $M$ that associate with $a$ and $b$ does not form a subloop. This is also an example of a nonassociative Moufang loop…

The Ulam sequence is given by $a_1 =1, a_2 = 2$, and then, for $n \geq 3$, the element $a_n$ is defined as the smallest integer that can be written as the sum of two distinct earlier elements in a unique way. This gives the sequence $1, 2,…

A subset of an abelian group is {\em sequenceable} if there is an ordering $(x_1, \ldots, x_k)$ of its elements such that the partial sums $(y_0, y_1, \ldots, y_k)$, given by $y_0 = 0$ and $y_i = \sum_{j=1}^i x_i$ for $1 \leq i \leq k$, are…