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Fair resource allocation is an important problem in many real-world scenarios, where resources such as goods and chores must be allocated among agents. In this survey, we delve into the intricacies of fair allocation, focusing specifically…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Shaily Mishra , Manisha Padala , Sujit Gujar

Allocating scarce, indivisible resources to diverse groups under uncertainty is a central challenge in operations research, where efficiency-focused methods often underserve marginalized populations. We study the Fair Online Resource…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Igor Averbakh , Hongyi Jiang , Samitha Samaranayake , Akang Wang , Jianghua Wu

We revisit the problem of online learning with individual fairness, where an online learner strives to maximize predictive accuracy while ensuring that similar individuals are treated similarly. We first extend the frameworks of Gillen et…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yahav Bechavod

We study the problem of fair online resource allocation via non-monetary mechanisms, where multiple agents repeatedly share a resource without monetary transfers. Previous work has shown that every agent can guarantee $1/2$ of their ideal…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-27 David X. Lin , Daniel Hall , Giannis Fikioris , Siddhartha Banerjee , Éva Tardos

Online resource allocation (ORA) is a fundamental framework for sequential decision-making problems under budget constraints, with applications ranging from online advertising to revenue management. In this work, we study a broader setting…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Eleonora Fidelia Chiefari , Francesco Emanuele Stradi , Matteo Castiglioni , Alberto Marchesi

We study a competitive online optimization problem with multiple inventories. In the problem, an online decision maker seeks to optimize the allocation of multiple capacity-limited inventories over a slotted horizon, while the allocation…

Performance · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Qiulin Lin , Yanfang Mo , Junyan Su , Minghua Chen

Matching problems with group-fairness constraints and diversity constraints have numerous applications such as in allocation problems, committee selection, school choice, etc. Moreover, online matching problems have lots of applications in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Anand Louis , Meghana Nasre , Prajakta Nimbhorkar , Govind S. Sankar

In this paper we study the problem of allocating a scarce resource among several players (or agents). A central decision maker wants to maximize the total utility of all agents. However, such a solution may be unfair for one or more agents…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-21 Gaia Nicosia , Andrea Pacifici , Ulrich Pferschy

In the standard model of fair allocation of resources to agents, every agent has some utility for every resource, and the goal is to assign resources to agents so that the agents' welfare is maximized. Motivated by job scheduling, interest…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Susobhan Bandopadhyay , Aritra Banik , Sushmita Gupta , Pallavi Jain , Abhishek Sahu , Saket Saurabh , Prafullkumar Tale

Online algorithm is an important branch in algorithm design. Designing online algorithms with a bounded competitive ratio (in terms of worst-case performance) can be hard and usually relies on problem-specific assumptions. Inspired by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Bingqian Du , Zhiyi Huang , Chuan Wu

Online Resource Allocation addresses the problem of efficiently allocating limited resources to buyers with incomplete knowledge of future requests. In our setting, buyers arrive sequentially requesting a set of items, each with a value…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Dimitris Fotakis , Charalampos Platanos , Thanos Tolias

Fairness plays a crucial role in various multi-agent systems (e.g., communication networks, financial markets, etc.). Many multi-agent dynamical interactions can be cast as Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). While existing research has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Peizhong Ju , Arnob Ghosh , Ness B. Shroff

Display Ads and the generalized assignment problem are two well-studied online packing problems with important applications in ad allocation and other areas. In both problems, ad impressions arrive online and have to be allocated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Fabian Spaeh , Alina Ene

Online allocation is a broad class of problems where items arriving online have to be allocated to agents who have a fixed utility/cost for each assigned item so to maximize/minimize some objective. This framework captures a broad range of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Ilan Reuven Cohen , Debmalya Panigrahi

In recent years many important societal decisions are made by machine-learning algorithms, and many such important decisions have strict capacity limits, allowing resources to be allocated only to the highest utility individuals. For…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Eitan Bachmat , Inbal Livni Navon

We study the problem of fairly allocating $m$ indivisible goods to $n$ agents, where agents may have different preferences over the goods. In the traditional setting, agents' valuations are provided as inputs to the algorithm. In this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Xiaolin Bu , Zihao Li , Shengxin Liu , Jiaxin Song , Biaoshuai Tao

We consider online resource allocation under a typical non-profit setting, where limited or even scarce resources are administered by a not-for-profit organization like a government. We focus on the internal-equity by assuming that arriving…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Pan Xu , Yifan Xu

We improve the best known competitive ratio (from 1/4 to 1/2), for the online multi-unit allocation problem, where the objective is to maximize the single-price revenue. Moreover, the competitive ratio of our algorithm tends to 1, as the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2009-01-13 Sourav Chakraborty , Nikhil Devanur

Resources of a multi-user system in multi-processor online scheduling are shared by competing users in which fairness is a major performance criterion for resource allocation. Fairness ensures equality in resource sharing among the users.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Debasis Dwibedy , Rakesh Mohanty

Fairness has emerged as an important consideration in algorithmic decision-making. Unfairness occurs when an agent with higher merit obtains a worse outcome than an agent with lower merit. Our central point is that a primary cause of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Ashudeep Singh , David Kempe , Thorsten Joachims
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