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The question of certifying quantum nonlocality under a relaxation of the assumptions in the Bell theorem has gained traction, with potential for device-independent applications under weak seeds and cross-talk. Recently, it was shown that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Ravishankar Ramanathan , Yuan Liu

Quantum communication has demonstrated its usefulness for quantum cryptography far beyond quantum key distribution. One domain is two-party cryptography, whose goal is to allow two parties who may not trust each other to solve joint tasks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-08 Jeremy Ribeiro , Le Phuc Thinh , Jedrzej Kaniewski , Jonas Helsen , Stephanie Wehner

The violation of Bell inequality not only provides the most radical departure of quantum theory from classical concepts, but also paves the way of applications in such as device independent randomness certification. Here, we derive the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-24 Youwang Xiao , Xinhui Li , Jing Wang , Ming Li , Shao-Ming Fei

Applications such as Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution (DIQKD) require loophole-free certification of long-distance quantum correlations. However, these distances remain severely constrained by detector inefficiencies and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Anubhav Chaturvedi , Marcin Pawłowski , Máté Farkas

There is a big gap between theory and practice in quantum key distribution (QKD) because real devices do not satisfy the assumptions required by the security proofs. Here, we close this gap by introducing a simple and practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 Álvaro Navarrete , Margarida Pereira , Marcos Curty , Kiyoshi Tamaki

Quantum technology can enable secure communication for cryptography purposes using quantum key distribution. Quantum key distribution protocols provide a secret key between two users with security guaranteed by the laws of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-11 Venkat Abhignan , Abhishek Jamunkar , Gokul Nair , Mohit Mittal , Megha Shrivastava

Bell nonlocality as a resource for device independent certification schemes has been studied extensively in recent years. The strongest form of device independent certification is referred to as self-testing, which given a device certifies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Shubhayan Sarkar , Debashis Saha , Jędrzej Kaniewski , Remigiusz Augusiak

We Haar uniformly generate random states of various ranks and study their performance in an entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) task. In particular, we analyze the efficacy of random two-qubit states in realizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Subhankar Bera , Shashank Gupta , A. S. Majumdar

Device-independent quantum secret sharing (DI-QSS) provides security against untrusted quantum devices. While device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) using Mermin-Peres magic square game [Zhen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett, 2023] has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-05 Santanu Majhi , Goutam Paul

Quantum correlations and non-projective measurements underlie a plethora of information-theoretic tasks, otherwise impossible in the classical world. Existing schemes to certify such non-classical resources in a device-independent manner…

In classical physics, events follow a definite causal order: the past influences the future, but not the reverse. Quantum theory, however, permits superpositions of causal orders -- so-called indefinite causal orders -- which can provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Carla M. D. Richter , Michael Antesberger , Huan Cao , Philip Walther , Lee A. Rozema

This article provides a comprehensive review of the critical role of detection efficiency in demonstrating non-classicality across various device-independent and semi-device-independent scenarios. The central focus is the detection…

Understanding the physical world fundamentally relies on the assumption that events are temporally ordered, with past events serving as causes for future ones. However, quantum mechanics permits events to occur in a superposition of causal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 Dengke Qu , Quan Lin , Lei Xiao , Xiang Zhan , Peng Xue

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol was proposed to remove all the detector side channel attacks, while its security relies on the trusted encoding systems. Here we propose a one-sided MDI-QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-18 Wen-Fei Cao , Yi-Zheng Zhen , Yu-Lin Zheng , Li Li , Zeng-Bing Chen , Nai-Le Liu , Kai Chen

We show that monogamy of Bell's inequality violations, which is strictly weaker condition than no-signaling is enough to prove security of quantum key distribution. We derive our results for a whole class of monogamy constraints and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-22 Marcin Pawlowski

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) provides the highest level of cryptographic security by certifying secrecy through observed Bell inequality violations, independent of the internal device physics. However, the transition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Noureldin Mohamed , Saif Al-Kuwari

Quantum Key Distribution is a quantum communication technique in which random numbers are encoded on quantum systems, usually photons, and sent from one party, Alice, to another, Bob. Using the data sent via the quantum signals,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-09 T. C. Ralph , N. Walk

In quantum information, device-independent protocols offer a new approach to information processing tasks, making minimal assumptions about the devices used. Typically, since these protocols draw conclusions directly from the data collected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Gelo Noel M. Tabia , Alex Yueh-Ting Shih , Jin-Yuan Zheng , Yeong-Cherng Liang

We present a simple protocol where Alice and Bob only needs sending out a coherent state or not-sending out a coherent state to Charlie. There is no bases switching. We show that this protocol is both encoding-state-side-channel free to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-03 Xiang-Bin Wang , Xiao-Long Hu , Zong-Wen Yu

Random generation and confidential distribution of cryptographic keys are fundamental building blocks of secure communication. Using quantum states in which the transmitted quantum bit is entangled with a stationary memory quantum bit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Pascal Kobel , Ralf A. Berner , Michael Köhl