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This article reviews meta-learning also known as learning-to-learn which seeks rapid and accurate model adaptation to unseen tasks with applications in highly automated AI, few-shot learning, natural language processing and robotics. Unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Huimin Peng

Meta-learning is a popular approach for learning new tasks with limited data by leveraging the commonalities among different tasks. However, meta-learned models can perform poorly when context data is too limited, or when data is drawn from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Young-Jin Park , Cesar Almecija , Apoorva Sharma , Navid Azizan

Across engineering and scientific domains, traditional deep learning (TDL) models perform well when training and test data share the same distribution. However, the dynamic nature of real-world data, broadly termed \textit{data shift},…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Samuel Myren , Nidhi Parikh , Natalie Klein

Deep Learning has implemented a wide range of applications and has become increasingly popular in recent years. The goal of multimodal deep learning (MMDL) is to create models that can process and link information using various modalities.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Jabeen Summaira , Xi Li , Amin Muhammad Shoib , Jabbar Abdul

Multimodal learning aims to build models that can process and relate information from multiple modalities. Despite years of development in this field, it still remains challenging to design a unified network for processing various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Yiyuan Zhang , Kaixiong Gong , Kaipeng Zhang , Hongsheng Li , Yu Qiao , Wanli Ouyang , Xiangyu Yue

Multi-task learning (MTL) has received considerable attention, and numerous deep learning applications benefit from MTL with multiple objectives. However, constructing multiple related tasks is difficult, and sometimes only a single task is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Tao Gui , Lizhi Qing , Qi Zhang , Jiacheng Ye , Hang Yan , Zichu Fei , Xuanjing Huang

Meta-learning enables learning systems to adapt quickly to new tasks, similar to humans. Different meta-learning approaches all work under/with the mini-batch episodic training framework. Such framework naturally gives the information about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Shiguang Wu , Yaqing Wang , Yatao Bian , Quanming Yao

Federated learning enables many applications benefiting distributed and private datasets of a large number of potential data-holding clients. However, different clients usually have their own particular objectives in terms of the tasks to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Cihat Keçeci , Mohammad Shaqfeh , Hayat Mbayed , Erchin Serpedin

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) is a framework, where multiple related tasks are learned jointly and benefit from a shared representation space, or parameter transfer. To provide sufficient learning support, modern MTL uses annotated data with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Dimitrios Kollias , Viktoriia Sharmanska , Stefanos Zafeiriou

The field of meta-learning, or learning-to-learn, has seen a dramatic rise in interest in recent years. Contrary to conventional approaches to AI where tasks are solved from scratch using a fixed learning algorithm, meta-learning aims to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Timothy Hospedales , Antreas Antoniou , Paul Micaelli , Amos Storkey

Many real-world machine learning applications involve several learning tasks which are inter-related. For example, in healthcare domain, we need to learn a predictive model of a certain disease for many hospitals. The models for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-03 Inci M. Baytas , Ming Yan , Anil K. Jain , Jiayu Zhou

Deep Learning has implemented a wide range of applications and has become increasingly popular in recent years. The goal of multimodal deep learning is to create models that can process and link information using various modalities. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Jabeen Summaira , Xi Li , Amin Muhammad Shoib , Songyuan Li , Jabbar Abdul

As humans learn new skills and apply their existing knowledge while maintaining previously learned information, "continual learning" in machine learning aims to incorporate new data while retaining and utilizing past knowledge. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Hanne Say , Suzan Ece Ada , Emre Ugur , Minoru Asada , Erhan Oztop

Meta-learning is a general approach to equip machine learning models with the ability to handle few-shot scenarios when dealing with many tasks. Most existing meta-learning methods work based on the assumption that all tasks are of equal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Zhaofeng Si , Shu Hu , Kaiyi Ji , Siwei Lyu

Multi-task learning (MTL) aims to leverage shared information among tasks to improve learning efficiency and accuracy. However, MTL often struggles to effectively manage positive and negative transfer between tasks, which can hinder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Chenguang Wang , Xuanhao Pan , Tianshu Yu

Human perception of the empirical world involves recognizing the diverse appearances, or 'modalities', of underlying objects. Despite the longstanding consideration of this perspective in philosophy and cognitive science, the study of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Zhou Lu

The natural world is abundant with concepts expressed via visual, acoustic, tactile, and linguistic modalities. Much of the existing progress in multimodal learning, however, focuses primarily on problems where the same set of modalities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Paul Pu Liang , Peter Wu , Liu Ziyin , Louis-Philippe Morency , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Multitask learning is a methodology to boost generalization performance and also reduce computational intensity and memory usage. However, learning multiple tasks simultaneously can be more difficult than learning a single task because it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Sungjae Lee , Youngdoo Son

Recent years have witnessed an abundance of new publications and approaches on meta-learning. This community-wide enthusiasm has sparked great insights but has also created a plethora of seemingly different frameworks, which can be hard to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Wei-Lun Chao , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan , Mark Campbell , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Existing gradient-based meta-learning approaches to few-shot learning assume that all tasks have the same input feature space. However, in the real world scenarios, there are many cases that the input structures of tasks can be different,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Jiayi Chen , Aidong Zhang