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The effectiveness of active learning largely depends on the sampling efficiency of the acquisition function. Expected Loss Reduction (ELR) focuses on a Bayesian estimate of the reduction in classification error, and more general costs fit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Wei Tan , Lan Du , Wray Buntine

Active learning has been studied extensively as a method for efficient data collection. Among the many approaches in literature, Expected Error Reduction (EER) (Roy and McCallum) has been shown to be an effective method for active learning:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Stephen Mussmann , Julia Reisler , Daniel Tsai , Ehsan Mousavi , Shayne O'Brien , Moises Goldszmidt

Active learning (AL) is a machine learning (ML) approach that strategically selects the most informative samples for annotation during training, aiming to minimize annotation costs. This strategy not only reduces labeling expenses but also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Cédric Jung , Shirin Salehi , Anke Schmeink

Within the scope of natural language processing, the domain of multi-label text classification is uniquely challenging due to its expansive and uneven label distribution. The complexity deepens due to the demand for an extensive set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Wei Tan , Ngoc Dang Nguyen , Lan Du , Wray Buntine

Over the past couple of decades, many active learning acquisition functions have been proposed, leaving practitioners with an unclear choice of which to use. Bayesian-based active learning offers principled objectives with explainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Kangping Hu , Stephen Mussmann

Active Learning (AL) is increasingly important in a broad range of applications. Two main AL principles to obtain accurate classification with few labeled data are refinement of the current decision boundary and exploration of poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Jens Roeder , Boaz Nadler , Kevin Kunzmann , Fred A. Hamprecht

We propose a new active learning (AL) method for text classification with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In AL, one selects the instances to be manually labeled with the aim of maximizing model performance with minimal effort. Neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-02 Ye Zhang , Matthew Lease , Byron C. Wallace

High-quality arguments are an essential part of decision-making. Automatically predicting the quality of an argument is a complex task that recently got much attention in argument mining. However, the annotation effort for this task is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Nataliia Kees , Michael Fromm , Evgeniy Faerman , Thomas Seidl

Labeled data can be expensive to acquire in several application domains, including medical imaging, robotics, and computer vision. To efficiently train machine learning models under such high labeling costs, active learning (AL) judiciously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Konstantinos D. Polyzos , Qin Lu , Georgios B. Giannakis

Event extraction (EE) plays an important role in many industrial application scenarios, and high-quality EE methods require a large amount of manual annotation data to train supervised learning models. However, the cost of obtaining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Shirong Shen , Zhen Li , Guilin Qi

Central to active learning (AL) is what data should be selected for annotation. Existing works attempt to select highly uncertain or informative data for annotation. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how selected data impacts the test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Tianyang Wang , Xingjian Li , Pengkun Yang , Guosheng Hu , Xiangrui Zeng , Siyu Huang , Cheng-Zhong Xu , Min Xu

Common acquisition functions for active learning use either uncertainty or diversity sampling, aiming to select difficult and diverse data points from the pool of unlabeled data, respectively. In this work, leveraging the best of both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Katerina Margatina , Giorgos Vernikos , Loïc Barrault , Nikolaos Aletras

Active Learning (AL) has emerged as a powerful approach for minimizing labeling costs by selectively sampling the most informative data for neural network model development. Effective AL for large-scale vision-language models necessitates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Athmanarayanan Lakshmi Narayanan , Amrutha Machireddy , Ranganath Krishnan

While the state-of-the-art performance on entity resolution (ER) has been achieved by deep learning, its effectiveness depends on large quantities of accurately labeled training data. To alleviate the data labeling burden, Active Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Youcef Nafa , Qun Chen , Zhaoqiang Chen , Xingyu Lu , Haiyang He , Tianyi Duan , Zhanhuai Li

Active learning (AL) has emerged as a crucial strategy for reducing the prohibitive costs associated with medical image segmentation. However, standard uncertainty-based AL methods typically focus on maximizing performance metrics, ignoring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ghazal Danaee , Mélanie Gaillochet , Christian Desrosiers , Herve Lombaert , Sylvain Bouix

Active learning (AL) is a prominent technique for reducing the annotation effort required for training machine learning models. Deep learning offers a solution for several essential obstacles to deploying AL in practice but introduces many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Akim Tsvigun , Artem Shelmanov , Gleb Kuzmin , Leonid Sanochkin , Daniil Larionov , Gleb Gusev , Manvel Avetisian , Leonid Zhukov

Although the existing max-value entropy search (MES) is based on the widely celebrated notion of mutual information, its empirical performance can suffer due to two misconceptions whose implications on the exploration-exploitation trade-off…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Quoc Phong Nguyen , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Patrick Jaillet

Bayesian optimization (BO) methods based on information theory have obtained state-of-the-art results in several tasks. These techniques heavily rely on the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence to compute the acquisition function. In this work,…

Gathering labeled data to train well-performing machine learning models is one of the critical challenges in many applications. Active learning aims at reducing the labeling costs by an efficient and effective allocation of costly labeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Daniel Kottke , Marek Herde , Christoph Sandrock , Denis Huseljic , Georg Krempl , Bernhard Sick

In training speech recognition systems, labeling audio clips can be expensive, and not all data is equally valuable. Active learning aims to label only the most informative samples to reduce cost. For speech recognition, confidence scores…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-13 Jiaji Huang , Rewon Child , Vinay Rao , Hairong Liu , Sanjeev Satheesh , Adam Coates
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