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Spiking Neural Networks (SNN). SNNs are based on a more biologically inspired approach than usual artificial neural networks. Such models are characterized by complex dynamics between neurons and spikes. These are very sensitive to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Thomas Firmin , Pierre Boulet , El-Ghazali Talbi

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), regarded as the third generation of artificial neural networks, are expected to bridge the gap between artificial intelligence and computational neuroscience. However, most mainstream SNN research directly…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Yongsheng Huang , Peibo Duan , Yujie Wu , Kai Sun , Zhipeng Liu , Changsheng Zhang , Bin Zhang , Mingkun Xu

Spiking neural networks are a type of artificial neural networks in which communication between neurons is only made of events, also called spikes. This property allows neural networks to make asynchronous and sparse computations and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Florent De Geeter , Damien Ernst , Guillaume Drion

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) represent the most prominent biologically inspired computing model for neuromorphic computing (NC) architectures. However, due to the non-differentiable nature of spiking neuronal functions, the standard error…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Jibin Wu , Yansong Chua , Malu Zhang , Guoqi Li , Haizhou Li , Kay Chen Tan

In recent years, neuromorphic computing and spiking neural networks (SNNs) have ad-vanced rapidly through integration with deep learning. However, the performance of SNNs still lags behind that of convolutional neural networks (CNNs),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Hsieh Ching-Teng , Wang Yuan-Kai

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) aim to realize brain-inspired intelligence on neuromorphic chips with high energy efficiency by introducing neural dynamics and spike properties. As the emerging spiking deep learning paradigm attracts…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Wei Fang , Yanqi Chen , Jianhao Ding , Zhaofei Yu , Timothée Masquelier , Ding Chen , Liwei Huang , Huihui Zhou , Guoqi Li , Yonghong Tian

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), the models inspired by the mechanisms of real neurons in the brain, transmit and represent information by employing discrete action potentials or spikes. The sparse, asynchronous properties of information…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Yongbo Zhang , Katsuma Inoue , Mitsumasa Nakajima , Toshikazu Hashimoto , Yasuo Kuniyoshi , Kohei Nakajima

One stream of reinforcement learning research is exploring biologically plausible models and algorithms to simulate biological intelligence and fit neuromorphic hardware. Among them, reward-modulated spike-timing-dependent plasticity…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Zhile Yang , Shangqi Guo , Ying Fang , Jian K. Liu

Bio-inspired learning has been gaining popularity recently given that Backpropagation (BP) is not considered biologically plausible. Many algorithms have been proposed in the literature which are all more biologically plausible than BP.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Manas Gupta , Sarthak Ketanbhai Modi , Hang Zhang , Joon Hei Lee , Joo Hwee Lim

Neuroscientists have long criticised deep learning algorithms as incompatible with current knowledge of neurobiology. We explore more biologically plausible versions of deep representation learning, focusing here mostly on unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-10 Yoshua Bengio , Dong-Hyun Lee , Jorg Bornschein , Thomas Mesnard , Zhouhan Lin

The human brain utilizes spikes for information transmission and dynamically reorganizes its network structure to boost energy efficiency and cognitive capabilities throughout its lifespan. Drawing inspiration from this spike-based…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jiangrong Shen , Qi Xu , Gang Pan , Badong Chen

Finding spike-based learning algorithms that can be implemented within the local constraints of neuromorphic systems, while achieving high accuracy, remains a formidable challenge. Equilibrium Propagation is a promising alternative to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Erwann Martin , Maxence Ernoult , Jérémie Laydevant , Shuai Li , Damien Querlioz , Teodora Petrisor , Julie Grollier

Compared with rate-based artificial neural networks, Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) provide a more biological plausible model for the brain. But how they perform supervised learning remains elusive. Inspired by recent works of Bengio et al.,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Zhanhao Hu , Tao Wang , Xiaolin Hu

We present a new back propagation based training algorithm for discrete-time spiking neural networks (SNN). Inspired by recent deep learning algorithms on binarized neural networks, binary activation with a straight-through gradient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Shihui Yin , Shreyas K. Venkataramanaiah , Gregory K. Chen , Ram Krishnamurthy , Yu Cao , Chaitali Chakrabarti , Jae-sun Seo

Accumulated detailed knowledge about the neuronal activities in human brains has brought more attention to bio-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs). In contrast to non-spiking deep neural networks (DNNs), SNNs can encode and transmit…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yi Yang , Richard M. Voyles , Haiyan H. Zhang , Robert A. Nawrocki

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer energy-efficient, biologically plausible computation but suffer from non-differentiable spike generation, necessitating reliance on heuristic surrogate gradients. This paper introduces UltraLIF, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jose Marie Antonio Miñoza

One major criticism of deep learning centers around the biological implausibility of the credit assignment schema used for learning -- backpropagation of errors. This implausibility translates into practical limitations, spanning scientific…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Alexander Ororbia , Ankur Mali , Adam Kohan , Beren Millidge , Tommaso Salvatori

The back-propagation (BP) algorithm has been considered the de-facto method for training deep neural networks. It back-propagates errors from the output layer to the hidden layers in an exact manner using the transpose of the feedforward…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Hongyin Luo , Jie Fu , James Glass

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are posited as a computationally efficient and biologically plausible alternative to conventional neural architectures, with their core computational framework primarily using the leaky integrate-and-fire…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Malyaban Bal , Abhronil Sengupta

In recent years, there has been an intense debate about how learning in biological neural networks (BNNs) differs from learning in artificial neural networks. It is often argued that the updating of connections in the brain relies only on…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-11 Sören Christensen , Jan Kallsen