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We study an abstract notion of tree structure which lies at the common core of various tree-like discrete structures commonly used in combinatorics: trees in graphs, order trees, nested subsets of a set, tree-decompositions of graphs and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-28 Reinhard Diestel

We investigate the complexity of the separation problem associated to classes of regular languages. For a class C, C-separation takes two regular languages as input and asks whether there exists a third language in C which includes the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Thomas Place , Marc Zeitoun

Given a tree of weighted vertices, it is sometimes possible to break the tree into two equally-weighted subtrees within an allowable error. We give a fast algorithm that finds an edge which breaks the tree into equal-weight components or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-13 Corinne Mulvey

Nested parentheses are forms in an algebra which define orders of evaluations. A class of well-formed sets of associated opening and closing parentheses is well studied in conjunction with Dyck paths and Catalan numbers. Nested parentheses…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-20 Richard J. Mathar

We study probability distributions over free algebras of trees. Probability distributions can be seen as particular (formal power) tree series [Berstel et al 82, Esik et al 03], i.e. mappings from trees to a semiring K . A widely studied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2008-07-21 François Denis , Amaury Habrard , Rémi Gilleron , Marc Tommasi , Édouard Gilbert

There has been great interest in identifying tractable subclasses of NP complete problems and designing efficient algorithms for these tractable classes. Constraint satisfaction and Bayesian network inference are two examples of such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Yong Gao

We study the satisfiability problem of symbolic tree automata and decompose it into the satisfiability problem of the existential first-order theory of the input characters and the existential monadic second-order theory of the indices of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Rodrigo Raya

Trigraph list homomorphism problems (also known as list matrix partition problems) have generated recent interest, partly because there are concrete problems that are not known to be polynomial time solvable or NP-complete. Thus while…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-09-03 Tomás Feder , Pavol Hell , David G. Schell , Juraj Stacho

The minimum-cost arborescence problem is a well-studied problem in the area of graph theory, with known polynomial-time algorithms for solving it. Previous literature introduced new variations on the original problem with different…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-15 Xiaochen Chou , Mauro Dell'Amico , Jafar Jamal , Roberto Montemanni

In this paper we provide a formal framework for comparing the expressive power of Behavior Trees (BTs) to other action selection architectures. Taking inspiration from the analogous comparisons of structural programming methodologies, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Oliver Biggar , Mohammad Zamani , Iman Shames

We present families of combinatorial classes described as trees with nodes that can carry one of two types of "flowers": integer partitions or integer compositions. Two parameters on the flowers of trees will be considered: the number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Ricardo Gómez Aíza

The tree-depth problem can be seen as finding an elimination tree of minimum height for a given input graph $G$. We introduce a bicriteria generalization in which additionally the width of the elimination tree needs to be bounded by some…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Piotr Borowiecki , Dariusz Dereniowski , Dorota Osula

Neural networks are versatile tools for computation, having the ability to approximate a broad range of functions. An important problem in the theory of deep neural networks is expressivity; that is, we want to understand the functions that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Khashayar Filom , Konrad Paul Kording , Roozbeh Farhoodi

We present a mathematical setting for attack-defense trees, a classic graphical model to specify attacks and countermeasures. We equip attack-defense trees with (trace) language semantics allowing to have an original dynamic interpretation…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Thomas Brihaye , Sophie Pinchinat , Alexandre Terefenko

We propose regular expressions to abstractly model and study properties of resource-aware computations. Inspired by nominal techniques -- as those popular in process calculi -- we extend classical regular expressions with names (to model…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-29 Alexander Kurz , Tomoyuki Suzuki , Emilio Tuosto

In considering the reliability of numerical programs, it is normal to "limit our study to the semantics dealing with numerical precision" (Martel, 2005). On the other hand, there is a great deal of work on the reliability of programs that…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2014-04-25 James H. Davenport , Russell Bradford , Matthew England , David Wilson

This paper studies Minimum Spanning Trees under incomplete information for its vertices. We assume that no information is available on the precise placement of vertices so that it is only known that vertices belong to some neighborhoods…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-10 Víctor Blanco , Elena Fernández , Justo Puerto

A set $S$ of vertices in a graph is an open packing if (open) neighborhoods of any two distinct vertices in $S$ are disjoint. In this paper, we consider the graphs that have a unique maximum open packing. We characterize the trees with this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-29 Boštjan Brešar , Kirsti Kuenzel , Douglas F. Rall

Results of computational complexity exist for a wide range of phrase structure-based grammar formalisms, while there is an apparent lack of such results for dependency-based formalisms. We here adapt a result on the complexity of…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Peter Neuhaus , Norbert Broeker

In this paper we explore fundamental concepts in computational complexity theory and the boundaries of algorithmic decidability. We examine the relationship between complexity classes \textbf{P} and \textbf{NP}, where $L \in \textbf{P}$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Duaa Abdullah , Jasem Hamoud