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In the simple random walk the steps are independent, viz., the walker has no memory. In contrast, in the Elephant Random walk (ERW), which was introduced by Sch\"utz and Trimper in 2004, the walker remembers the whole past, and the next…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-08-01 Allan Gut , Ulrich Stadtmüller

In the classical simple random walk the steps are independent, viz., the walker has no memory. In contrast, in the elephant random walk which was introduced by Sch\"utz and Trimper in 2004, the walker remembers the whole past, and the next…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Allan Gut , Ulrich Stadtmüller

In the simple random walk the steps are independent, whereas in the Elephant Random Walk (ERW), which was introduced by Sch\"utz and Trimper in 2004, the next step always depends on the whole path so far. In an earlier paper we investigated…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-20 Allan Gut , Ulrich Stadtmüller

In this paper, we introduce the elephant random walk (ERW) with memory consisting of randomly selected steps from its history. It is a time-changed variant of the standard elephant random walk with memory consisting of its full history. At…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-23 M. Dhillon , K. K. Kataria

The Elephant Random Walk (ERW), first introduced by Sch\"utz and Trimper (2004), is a one-dimensional simple random walk on $ \mathbb{Z} $ having a memory about the whole past. We study the Shark Random Swim, a random walk whose steps are $…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-10 Silvia Businger

In this paper, we explain the connection between the Elephant Random Walk (ERW) and an urn model \`a la P\'olya and derive functional limit theorems for the former. The ERW model was introduced by Sch\"utz and Trimper [2004] to study memory…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-01-07 Erich Baur , Jean Bertoin

The elephant random walk (ERW) is a microscopic, one-dimensional, discrete-time, non-Markovian random walk, which can lead to anomalous diffusion due to memory effects. In this study, I propose a multi-dimensional generalization in which…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-12-02 Vitor M. Marquioni

In this article we shall derive functional limit theorems for the multi-dimensional elephant random walk (MERW) and thus extend the results provided for the one-dimensional marginal by Bercu and Laulin (2019). The MERW is a non-Markovian…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-09-06 Marco Bertenghi

This paper deals with different models of random walks with a reinforced memory of preferential attachment type. We consider extensions of the Elephant Random Walk introduced by Sch\"utz and Trimper [2004] with a stronger reinforcement…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-10-16 Erich Baur

Gut and Stadm\"{u}ller (2021, 2022) initiated the study of the elephant random walk with limited memory. Aguech and El Machkouri (2024) published a paper in which they discuss an extension of results by Gut and Stadtm\"{u}ller (2022) for an…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Rahul Roy , Masato Takei , Hideki Tanemura

Elephant random walk is a special type of random walk that incorporates the memory of the past to determine its future steps. The probability of this walk taking a particular step (+1 or -1) at a time point, conditioned on the entire…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Krishanu Maulik , Parthanil Roy , Tamojit Sadhukhan

The purpose of this paper is to establish, via a martingale approach, some refinements on the asymptotic behavior of the one-dimensional elephant random walk (ERW). The asymptotic behavior of the ERW mainly depends on a memory parameter $p$…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-17 Bernard Bercu

Elephant random walk, introduced to study the effect of memory on random walks, is a novel type of walk that incorporates the information of one randomly chosen past step to determine the future step. However, memory of a process can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-15 Krishanu Maulik , Parthanil Roy , Tamojit Sadhukhan

For the standard elephant random walk, Laulin (2022) studied the case when the increment of the random walk is not uniformly distributed over the past history instead has a power law distribution. We study such a problem for the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Rahul Roy , Masato Takei , Hideki Tanemura

We introduce an original way to estimate the memory parameter of the elephant random walk, a fascinating discrete time random walk on integers having a complete memory of its entire history. Our estimator is nothing more than a…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-21 Bernard Bercu , Lucile Laulin

The randomized play-the-winner rule (RPW) is a response-adaptive design proposed by Wei and Durham (1978) for sequentially randomizing patients to treatments in a two-treatment clinical trial so that more patients are assigned to the better…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Li-Xin Zhang

We consider a generalization of the so-called elephant random walk by introducing multiple elephants moving along the integer line, $\mathbb{Z}$. When taking a new step, each elephant considers not only its own previous steps but also the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-31 Deborshi Das

We introduce a new random walk with unbounded memory obtained as a mixture of the Elephant Random Walk and the Dynamic Random Walk which we call the Dynamic Elephant Random Walk (DERW). As a consequence of this mixture the distribution of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-04 Cristian F. Coletti , Lucas R. de Lima , Renato J. Gava , Denis A. Luiz

In this work we study asymptotic properties of a long range memory random walk known as elephant random walk. First we prove recurrence and positive recurrence for the elephant random walk. Then, we establish the transience regime of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-11-05 Cristian F. Coletti , Ioannis Papageorgiou

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the multi-dimensional elephant random walk (MERW). It is a non-Markovian random walk which has a complete memory of its entire history. A wide range of literature is…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-22 Bernard Bercu , Lucile Laulin
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