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Maximum likelihood estimation of energy-based models is a challenging problem due to the intractability of the log-likelihood gradient. In this work, we propose learning both the energy function and an amortized approximate sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Rithesh Kumar , Sherjil Ozair , Anirudh Goyal , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

Probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) are widely used to discover latent structure in data, but their success hinges on selecting an appropriate model design. In practice, model specification is difficult and often requires iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Kevin Zhang , Yixin Wang

We present a deep learning model for data-driven simulations of random dynamical systems without a distributional assumption. The deep learning model consists of a recurrent neural network, which aims to learn the time marching structure,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Kyongmin Yeo , Zan Li , Wesley M. Gifford

Implicit generative models have the capability to learn arbitrary complex data distributions. On the downside, training requires telling apart real data from artificially-generated ones using adversarial discriminators, leading to unstable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 José Manuel de Frutos , Pablo M. Olmos , Manuel A. Vázquez , Joaquín Míguez

Learning algorithms for implicit generative models can optimize a variety of criteria that measure how the data distribution differs from the implicit model distribution, including the Wasserstein distance, the Energy distance, and the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-23 Leon Bottou , Martin Arjovsky , David Lopez-Paz , Maxime Oquab

In recent years there has been increased interest in understanding the interplay between deep generative models (DGMs) and the manifold hypothesis. Research in this area focuses on understanding the reasons why commonly-used DGMs succeed or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Gabriel Loaiza-Ganem , Brendan Leigh Ross , Rasa Hosseinzadeh , Anthony L. Caterini , Jesse C. Cresswell

Likelihood-based, or explicit, deep generative models use neural networks to construct flexible high-dimensional densities. This formulation directly contradicts the manifold hypothesis, which states that observed data lies on a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-30 Gabriel Loaiza-Ganem , Brendan Leigh Ross , Jesse C. Cresswell , Anthony L. Caterini

Stochastic-sampling-based Generative Neural Networks, such as Restricted Boltzmann Machines and Generative Adversarial Networks, are now used for applications such as denoising, image occlusion removal, pattern completion, and motion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Alexander Potapov , Ian Colbert , Ken Kreutz-Delgado , Alexander Cloninger , Srinjoy Das

Several researchers have proposed minimisation of maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) as a method to quantise probability measures, i.e., to approximate a target distribution by a representative point set. We consider sequential algorithms that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-15 Onur Teymur , Jackson Gorham , Marina Riabiz , Chris. J. Oates

We propose a novel supervised learning method to optimize the kernel in the maximum mean discrepancy generative adversarial networks (MMD GANs), and the kernel support vector machines (SVMs). Specifically, we characterize a distributionally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Masoud Badiei Khuzani , Liyue Shen , Shahin Shahrampour , Lei Xing

This paper explores the problem of generative modeling, aiming to simulate diverse examples from an unknown distribution based on observed examples. While recent studies have focused on quantifying the statistical precision of popular…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-07 Elen Vardanyan , Sona Hunanyan , Tigran Galstyan , Arshak Minasyan , Arnak Dalalyan

We present a non-convex optimization algorithm metaheuristic, based on the training of a deep generative network, which enables effective searching within continuous, ultra-high dimensional landscapes. During network training, populations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Jiaqi Jiang , Jonathan A. Fan

Accurate approximation of probability measures is essential in numerical applications. This paper explores the quantization of probability measures using the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) distance as a guiding metric. We first investigate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Zahra Mehraban , Alois Pichler

Learning the true density in high-dimensional feature spaces is a well-known problem in machine learning. In this work, we consider generative autoencoders based on maximum-mean discrepancy (MMD) and provide theoretical insights. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Emanuele Sansone , Hafiz Tiomoko Ali , Sun Jiacheng

Accurate quantification of uncertainty is crucial for real-world applications of machine learning. However, modern deep neural networks still produce unreliable predictive uncertainty, often yielding over-confident predictions. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Peng Cui , Wenbo Hu , Jun Zhu

Existing two-sample testing techniques, particularly those based on choosing a kernel for the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), often assume equal sample sizes from the two distributions. Applying these methods in practice can require…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-17 Aaron Wei , Milad Jalali , Danica J. Sutherland

We construct a Wasserstein gradient flow of the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) and study its convergence properties. The MMD is an integral probability metric defined for a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), and serves as a metric on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-04 Michael Arbel , Anna Korba , Adil Salim , Arthur Gretton

Generating samples from limited information is a fundamental problem across scientific domains. Classical maximum entropy methods provide principled uncertainty quantification from moment constraints but require sampling via MCMC or…

Graph generative models are a highly active branch of machine learning. Given the steady development of new models of ever-increasing complexity, it is necessary to provide a principled way to evaluate and compare them. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Leslie O'Bray , Max Horn , Bastian Rieck , Karsten Borgwardt

Existing domain adaptation methods aim to reduce the distributional difference between the source and target domains and respect their specific discriminative information, by establishing the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Wei Wang , Haojie Li , Zhengming Ding , Zhihui Wang