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This paper proposes a Clustered Unit Commitment (CUC) formulation to accurately model flexibility requirements such as ramping, reserve, and startup/shutdown constraints. The CUC is commonly applied in large and long-term planning models to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-21 German Morales-Espana , Diego A. Tejada-Arango

Low-inertia, isolated power systems face the problem of resiliency to power variations. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar photovoltaic, pushes the boundaries of this issue further. Higher shares of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-05 Erick Fernando Alves , Louis Polleux , Gilles Guerassimoff , Magnus Korpås , Elisabetta Tedeschi

Due to possible emergency faults and frequency regulation reserve shortage in the multi-infeed hybrid AC-DC (MIDC) system, the emergency frequency control (EFC) with LCC-HVDC systems participating is important for system frequency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-17 Ye Liu , Chen Shen , Zhaojian Wang

We present a method to design distributed generation and demand control schemes for primary frequency regulation in power networks that guarantee asymptotic stability and ensure fairness of allocation. We impose a passivity condition on net…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-02-10 Andreas Kasis , Eoin Devane , Ioannis Lestas

In the current practice of short-term power scheduling, online power reserves are used to address generation mismatches and contingencies. Neither online inertia nor the speed of the committed units is considered in the scheduling process.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-03 Mohammad Rajabdorri , Enrique Lobato , Lukas Sigrist

In this paper, we analyze the impact of communication failures on the performance of optimal distributed frequency control. We consider a consensus-based control scheme, and show that it does not converge to the optimal solution when the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-05-04 Marzieh Parandehgheibi , Konstantin Turitsyn , Eytan Modiano

The Unit Commitment (UC) problem is a key optimization task in power systems to forecast the generation schedules of power units over a finite time period by minimizing costs while meeting demand and technical constraints. However, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Matthias Pirlet , Adrien Bolland , Gilles Louppe , Damien Ernst

With the fast growth of wind power penetration, power systems need additional flexibility to cope with wind power ramping. Several electricity markets have established requirements for flexible ramping capacity (FRC) reserves. This paper…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-12-05 Zhiwen Wang , Chen Shen , Feng Liu , Jianhui Wang , Xiangyu Wu

With Europe dedicated to limiting climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, large shares of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are being integrated in the national grids, phasing out conventional generation. The new challenges arising from…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-15 Andrea Tosatto , Georgios Misyris , Adrià Junyent-Ferré , Fei Teng , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) model is used for power system day-ahead scheduling. However, current SCUC model uses a static network to deliver power and meet demand optimally. A dynamic network can provide a lower optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-16 Arun Venkatesh Ramesh , Xingpeng Li , Kory W. Hedman

Primary frequency response is provided by synchronized generators through their speed-droop governor characteristic in response to instant frequency deviations that exceed a certain threshold, also known as the governor dead zone. This dead…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-07 Michael Chertkov , Yury Dvorkin

In order to deal with issues caused by the increasing penetration of renewable resources in power systems, this paper proposes a novel distributed frequency control algorithm for each generating unit and controllable load in a transmission…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-19 Luwei Yang , Tao Liu , Zhiyuan Tang , David J. Hill

With the continuous increase in the penetration of renewable energy in the emerging power systems, the pressure on system peak regulation has been significantly intensified. Against this backdrop, demand side resources particularly air…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 Jinhua He , Tingzhe Pan , Chao Li , Xin Jin , Zijie Meng , Wei Zhou

Frequency control rebalances supply and demand while maintaining the network state within operational margins. It is implemented using fast ramping reserves that are expensive and wasteful, and which are expected to grow with the increasing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-11-19 Enrique Mallada , Changhong Zhao , Steven H. Low

With the increasing penetration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs), power system stability constraints must be incorporated into the operational framework, transforming it into stability-constrained optimization. Currently, there exist…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-19 Wangkun Xu , Zhongda Chu , Florin Capitanescu , Fei Teng

This paper addresses frequency regulation under operational constraints in interconnected power systems with high penetration of inverter-based renewable generation. A two-layer control architecture is proposed that combines optimized droop…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Jose A. Solano-Castellanos , Hassan Haes Alhelou , Ali T. Al- Awami , Mohannad Alkhraijah , Anuradha M. Annaswamy

Higher shares of electricity generation from renewable energy sources and market liberalization is increasing uncertainty in power systems operation. At the same time, operation is becoming more flexible with improved control systems and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-09-09 Line Roald , Sidhant Misra , Thilo Krause , Goran Andersson

Introduction of renewable generation leads to significant reduction of inertia in power system, which deteriorates the quality of frequency control. This paper suggests a new control scheme utilizing controllable load to deal with low…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Oleg O. Khamisov , Janusz W. Bialek , Anatoly Dymarsky

Higher penetration of renewable generation will increase the demand for adequate (and cost-effective) controllable resources on the grid that can mitigate and contain the contingencies locally before it can cause a network-wide collapse.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-08 Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Soumya Kundu , Draguna Vrabie , Karan Kalsi , Jianming Lian

With the growing integration of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC) transmission systems, there is an increasing need for control strategies that ensure both economic efficiency and robust dynamic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-07 Hongjin Du , Tuanku Badzlin Hashfi , Rashmi Prasad , Pedro P. Vergara , Peter Palensky , Aleksandra Lekić