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Explainability is motivated by the lack of transparency of black-box Machine Learning approaches, which do not foster trust and acceptance of Machine Learning algorithms. This also happens in the Predictive Process Monitoring field, where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Williams Rizzi , Marco Comuzzi , Chiara Di Francescomarino , Chiara Ghidini , Suhwan Lee , Fabrizio Maria Maggi , Alexander Nolte

The adoption of machine learning in high-stakes applications such as healthcare and law has lagged in part because predictions are not accompanied by explanations comprehensible to the domain user, who often holds the ultimate…

Objective: Electronic health records (EHR) data are prone to missingness and errors. Previously, we devised an "enriched" chart review protocol where a "roadmap" of auxiliary diagnoses (anchors) was used to recover missing values in EHR…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Sarah C. Lotspeich , Abbey Collins , Brian J. Wells , Ashish K. Khanna , Joseph Rigdon , Lucy D'Agostino McGowan

Generative retrieval directly decode a document identifier (i.e., docid) in response to a query, making it impossible to provide users with explanations as an answer for ``why is this document retrieved?''. To address this limitation, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Sangam Lee , Ryang Heo , SeongKu Kang , Susik Yoon , Jinyoung Yeo , Dongha Lee

Clinical trial records are variable resources or the analysis of patients and diseases. Information extraction from free text such as eligibility criteria and summary of results and conclusions in clinical trials would better support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Yingcheng Sun , Kenneth Loparo

Traditional machine-learned ranking systems for web search are often trained to capture stationary relevance of documents to queries, which has limited ability to track non-stationary user intention in a timely manner. In recency search,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2011-03-22 Taesup Moon , Wei Chu , Lihong Li , Zhaohui Zheng , Yi Chang

Nowadays, the interpretability of machine learning models is becoming increasingly important, especially in the medical domain. Aiming to shed some light on how to rationalize medical relation prediction, we present a new interpretable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Zhen Wang , Jennifer Lee , Simon Lin , Huan Sun

This research addresses the challenge of conducting interpretable causal inference between a binary treatment and its resulting outcome when not all confounders are known. Confounders are factors that have an influence on both the treatment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Sohaib Kiani , Jared Barton , Jon Sushinsky , Lynda Heimbach , Bo Luo

Huge volumes of patient queries are daily generated on online health forums, rendering manual doctor allocation a labor-intensive task. To better help patients, this paper studies a novel task of doctor recommendation to enable automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Xiaoxin Lu , Yubo Zhang , Jing Li , Shi Zong

Systematic reviews in medicine play a critical role in evidence-based decision-making by aggregating findings from multiple studies. A central bottleneck in automating this process is extracting numeric evidence and determining study-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Massimiliano Pronesti , Michela Lorandi , Paul Flanagan , Oisin Redmond , Anya Belz , Yufang Hou

Algorithms and technologies are essential tools that pervade all aspects of our daily lives. In the last decades, health care research benefited from new computer-based recruiting methods, the use of federated architectures for data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Chiara Criscuolo , Tommaso Dolci , Mattia Salnitri

The process of manually searching for relevant instances in, and extracting information from, clinical databases underpin a multitude of clinical tasks. Such tasks include disease diagnosis, clinical trial recruitment, and continuing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-05 Dani Kiyasseh , Tingting Zhu , David A. Clifton

The absence of transparency and explainability hinders the clinical adoption of Machine learning (ML) algorithms. Although various methods of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) have been suggested, there is a lack of literature that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Aida Brankovic , David Cook , Jessica Rahman , Wenjie Huang , Sankalp Khanna

The dearth of prescribing guidelines for physicians is one key driver of the current opioid epidemic in the United States. In this work, we analyze medical and pharmaceutical claims data to draw insights on characteristics of patients who…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Chirag Nagpal , Dennis Wei , Bhanukiran Vinzamuri , Monica Shekhar , Sara E. Berger , Subhro Das , Kush R. Varshney

Limited expert time is a key bottleneck in medical imaging. Due to advances in image classification, AI can now serve as decision-support for medical experts, with the potential for great gains in radiologist productivity and, by extension,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Tomas Folke , Scott Cheng-Hsin Yang , Sean Anderson , Patrick Shafto

Model explanation techniques play a critical role in understanding the source of a model's performance and making its decisions transparent. Here we investigate if explanation techniques can also be used as a mechanism for scientific…

The aim of a clinical decision support tool is to reduce the complexity of clinical decisions. However, when decision support tools are poorly implemented they may actually confuse physicians and complicate clinical care. This paper argues…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Teus H. Kappen , Mirko Noordegraaf , Wilton A. van Klei , Karel G. M. Moons , Cor J. Kalkman

Research on customer satisfaction has increased substantially in recent years. However, the relative importance and relationships between different determinants of satisfaction remains uncertain. Moreover, quantitative studies to date tend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Radoslaw Kowalski , Marc Esteve , Slava J. Mikhaylov

How do we most effectively treat a disease or condition? Ideally, we could consult a database of evidence gleaned from clinical trials to answer such questions. Unfortunately, no such database exists; clinical trial results are instead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Jay DeYoung , Eric Lehman , Ben Nye , Iain J. Marshall , Byron C. Wallace

Cohort studies are of significant importance in the field of healthcare analysis. However, existing methods typically involve manual, labor-intensive, and expert-driven pattern definitions or rely on simplistic clustering techniques that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Qingpeng Cai , Kaiping Zheng , H. V. Jagadish , Beng Chin Ooi , James Yip