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Machine learning models often need to adapt to new data after deployment due to structured or unstructured real-world dynamics. The Continual Learning (CL) framework enables continuous model adaptation, but most existing approaches either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Connor Mclaughlin , Nigel Lee , Lili Su

Meta continual learning algorithms seek to train a model when faced with similar tasks observed in a sequential manner. Despite promising methodological advancements, there is a lack of theoretical frameworks that enable analysis of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 R. Krishnan , Prasanna Balaprakash

Most existing works on continual learning (CL) focus on overcoming the catastrophic forgetting (CF) problem, with dynamic models and replay methods performing exceptionally well. However, since current works tend to assume exclusivity or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Sijia Wang , Yoojin Choi , Junya Chen , Mostafa El-Khamy , Ricardo Henao

We propose a Bayesian neural network-based continual learning algorithm using Variational Inference, aiming to overcome several drawbacks of existing methods. Specifically, in continual learning scenarios, storing network parameters at each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Sanchar Palit , Biplab Banerjee , Subhasis Chaudhuri

Recent years have witnessed a burgeoning interest in federated learning (FL). However, the contexts in which clients engage in sequential learning remain under-explored. Bridging FL and continual learning (CL) gives rise to a challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Abudukelimu Wuerkaixi , Sen Cui , Jingfeng Zhang , Kunda Yan , Bo Han , Gang Niu , Lei Fang , Changshui Zhang , Masashi Sugiyama

Continual learning (CL) has two main objectives: preventing catastrophic forgetting (CF) and encouraging knowledge transfer (KT). The existing literature mainly focused on overcoming CF. Some work has also been done on KT when the tasks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Zixuan Ke , Bing Liu , Wenhan Xiong , Asli Celikyilmaz , Haoran Li

Continual learning (CL) has emerged as a pivotal paradigm to enable large language models (LLMs) to dynamically adapt to evolving knowledge and sequential tasks while mitigating catastrophic forgetting-a critical limitation of the static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hongyang Chen , Zhongwu Sun , Hongfei Ye , Kunchi Li , Xuemin Lin

In this paper, we propose a continual learning (CL) technique that is beneficial to sequential task learners by improving their retained accuracy and reducing catastrophic forgetting. The principal target of our approach is the automatic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Ammar Shaker , Shujian Yu , Francesco Alesiani

Continual learning (CL) is a technique that enables neural networks to constantly adapt to their dynamic surroundings. Despite being overlooked for a long time, this technology can considerably address the customized needs of users in edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zeqing Wang , Fei Cheng , Kangye Ji , Bohu Huang

Continual Learning (CL) is a field dedicated to devise algorithms able to achieve lifelong learning. Overcoming the knowledge disruption of previously acquired concepts, a drawback affecting deep learning models and that goes by the name of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Francesco Pelosin

The goal of continual learning is to find a model that solves multiple learning tasks which are presented sequentially to the learner. A key challenge in this setting is that the learner may forget how to solve a previous task when learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Liangzu Peng , Paris V. Giampouras , René Vidal

Continual learning aims to learn continuously from a stream of tasks and data in an online-learning fashion, being capable of exploiting what was learned previously to improve current and future tasks while still being able to perform well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Quang Pham , Doyen Sahoo , Chenghao Liu , Steven C. H Hoi

Continual learning (CL), which aims to learn a sequence of tasks, has attracted significant recent attention. However, most work has focused on the experimental performance of CL, and theoretical studies of CL are still limited. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Sen Lin , Peizhong Ju , Yingbin Liang , Ness Shroff

General-purpose learning systems should improve themselves in open-ended fashion in ever-changing environments. Conventional learning algorithms for neural networks, however, suffer from catastrophic forgetting (CF), i.e., previously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kazuki Irie , Róbert Csordás , Jürgen Schmidhuber

In the literature, many continual learning (CL) algorithms have been proposed to address the issue of catastrophic forgetting in ML models (i.e., learning new tasks leads to the loss of performance on previously learned tasks). Although all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Srijith Nair , Atilla Eryilmaz , Jia , Liu

In continual learning (CL), a learner is faced with a sequence of tasks, arriving one after the other, and the goal is to remember all the tasks once the continual learning experience is finished. The prior art in CL uses episodic memory,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Arslan Chaudhry , Naeemullah Khan , Puneet K. Dokania , Philip H. S. Torr

In the continual learning setting, tasks are encountered sequentially. The goal is to learn whilst i) avoiding catastrophic forgetting, ii) efficiently using model capacity, and iii) employing forward and backward transfer learning. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-07 Siddharth Swaroop , Cuong V. Nguyen , Thang D. Bui , Richard E. Turner

Continual learning (CL) refers to a machine learning paradigm that learns continuously without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. Thereby, major difficulty in CL is catastrophic forgetting of preceding tasks, caused by shifts in data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Stella Ho , Ming Liu , Lan Du , Longxiang Gao , Yong Xiang

Catastrophic forgetting remains a major obstacle to continual learning in large language models (LLMs) and vision--language models (VLMs). Although Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures offer an efficient path to scaling, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yang Liu , Toan Nguyen , Flora D. Salim

Learning multiple tasks sequentially without forgetting previous knowledge, called Continual Learning(CL), remains a long-standing challenge for neural networks. Most existing methods rely on additional network capacity or data replay. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Hao Liu , Huaping Liu