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Over the past few decades, many applications of physics-based simulations and data-driven techniques (including machine learning and deep learning) have emerged to analyze and predict solar flares. These approaches are pivotal in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-07 Anli Ji , Berkay Aydin

Accurate, reliable solar flare prediction is crucial for mitigating potential disruptions to critical infrastructure, while predicting solar flares remains a significant challenge. Existing methods based on heuristic physical features often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Shunya Nagashima , Komei Sugiura

Current post-processing techniques for the correction of atmospheric seeing in solar observations -- such as Speckle interferometry and Phase Diversity methods -- have limitations when it comes to their reconstructive capabilities of solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-09 John A. Armstrong , Lyndsay Fletcher

Ahead-of-time forecasting of incident solar-irradiance on a panel is indicative of expected energy yield and is essential for efficient grid distribution and planning. Traditionally, these forecasts are based on meteorological physics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Talha A. Siddiqui , Samarth Bharadwaj , Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

We developed a solar flare prediction model using a deep neural network (DNN), named Deep Flare Net (DeFN). The model can calculate the probability of flares occurring in the following 24 h in each active region, which is used to determine…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-23 Naoto Nishizuka , Komei Sugiura , Yuki Kubo , Mitsue Den , Mamoru Ishii

Solar flares are caused by magnetic eruptions in active regions (ARs) on the surface of the sun. These events can have significant impacts on human activity, many of which can be mitigated with enough advance warning from good forecasts. To…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-18 Varad Deshmukh , Thomas Berger , James Meiss , Elizabeth Bradley

Solar flares, especially the M- and X-class flares, are often associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). They are the most important sources of space weather effects, that can severely impact the near-Earth environment. Thus it is…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-02 Hewei Zhang , Qin Li , Yanxing Yang , Ju Jing , Jason T. L. Wang , Haimin Wang , Zuofeng Shang

Automated forecasts serve important role in space weather science, by providing statistical insights to flare-trigger mechanisms, and by enabling tailor-made forecasts and high-frequency forecasts. Only by realtime forecast we can…

Machine learning is nowadays the methodology of choice for flare forecasting and supervised techniques, in both their traditional and deep versions, are becoming the most frequently used ones for prediction in this area of space weather.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 Federico Benvenuto , Cristina Campi , Anna Maria Massone , Michele Piana

We study the predictive capabilities of magnetic feature properties (MF) generated by Solar Monitor Active Region Tracker (SMART) for solar flare forecasting from two datasets: the full dataset of SMART detections from 1996 to 2010 that has…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-07 Katarina Domijan , D. Shaun Bloomfield , Francois Pitie

With machine learning entering into the awareness of the heliophysics community, solar flare prediction has become a topic of increased interest. Although machine learning models have advanced with each successive publication, the input…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-11 Brandon Panos , Lucia Kleint

Solar flares, as one of the most prominent manifestations of solar activity, have a profound impact on both the Earth's space environment and human activities. As a result, accurate solar flare prediction has emerged as a central topic in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-31 Mingfu Shao , Suo Liu , Haiqing Xu , Peng Jia , Hui Wang , Liyue Tong , Yang Bai , Chen Yang , Yuyang Li , Nan Li , Jiaben Lin

Solar flare prediction is a central problem in space weather forecasting and has captivated the attention of a wide spectrum of researchers due to recent advances in both remote sensing as well as machine learning and deep learning…

Space Physics · Physics 2022-09-19 Chetraj Pandey , Anli Ji , Rafal A. Angryk , Manolis K. Georgoulis , Berkay Aydin

In this dataset we provide a comprehensive collection of magnetograms (images quantifying the strength of the magnetic field) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The dataset…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-13 Laura E. Boucheron , Ty Vincent , Jeremy A. Grajeda , Ellery Wuest

Flares are a well-studied aspect of the Sun's magnetic activity. Detecting and classifying solar flares can inform the analysis of contamination caused by stellar flares in exoplanet transmission spectra. In this paper, we present a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-25 Nicole Hao , Laura Flagg , Ray Jayawardhana

Solar flares emanate from solar active regions hosting complex and strong bipolar magnetic fluxes. Estimating the probability of an active region to flare and defining reliable precursors of intense flares is an extremely challenging task…

Current operational forecasts of solar eruptions are made by human experts using a combination of qualitative shape-based classification systems and historical data about flaring frequencies. In the past decade, there has been a great deal…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-02 V. Deshmukh , T. E. Berger , E. Bradley , J. D. Meiss

Solar flares are explosions in the solar atmosphere that release intense bursts of short-wavelength radiation and are capable of producing severe space-weather consequences. Flares release free energy built up in coronal fields, which are…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-05 Shamik Bhattacharjee , Rasha Alshehhi , Dattaraj B. Dhuri , Shravan M. Hanasoge

Solar flares are the most explosive phenomena in the solar system and the main trigger of the events' chain that starts from Coronal Mass Ejections and leads to geomagnetic storms with possible impacts on the infrastructures at Earth.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-03 Chiara Curletto , Paolo Massa , Valeria Tagliafico , Cristina Campi , Federico Benvenuto , Michele Piana , Andrea Tacchino

This study progresses solar flare prediction research by presenting a full-disk deep-learning model to forecast $\geq$M-class solar flares and evaluating its efficacy on both central (within $\pm$70$^\circ$) and near-limb (beyond…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-31 Chetraj Pandey , Anli Ji , Trisha Nandakumar , Rafal A. Angryk , Berkay Aydin