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Permissioned blockchain systems promise to provide both decentralized trust and privacy. Hyperledger Fabric is currently one of the most wide-spread permissioned blockchain systems and is heavily promoted both in industry and academia. Due…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jeeta Ann Chacko , Ruben Mayer , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Trust between entities in any scenario without a trusted third party is very difficult, and trust is exactly what blockchain aims to bring into the digital world with its basic features. Many applications are moving to blockchain adoption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Stanly Wilson , Kwabena Adu-Duodu , Yinhao Li , Ellis Solaiman , Omer Rana , Rajiv Ranjan

Blockchain technologies underpin an expanding ecosystem of decentralized applications, financial systems, and infrastructure. However, the fundamental networking layer that sustains these systems, the peer-to-peer layer, of all but the top…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Lucianna Kiffer , Lioba Heimbach , Dennis Trautwein , Yann Vonlanthen , Oliver Gasser

Blockchain (BC) systems are highly distributed peer-to-peer networks that offer an alternative to centralized services and promise robustness to coordinated attacks. However, the resilience and overall security of a BC system rests heavily…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Aristodemos Paphitis , Nicolas Kourtellis , Michael Sirivianos

Blockchain, which is a technology for distributedly managing ledger information over multiple nodes without a centralized system, has elicited increasing attention. Performing experiments on actual blockchains are difficult because a large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Yusuke Aoki , Kai Otsuki , Takeshi Kaneko , Ryohei Banno , Kazuyuki Shudo

As the killer application of blockchain technology, blockchain-based payments have attracted extensive attention ranging from hobbyists to corporates to regulatory bodies. Blockchain facilitates fast, secure, and cross-border payments…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Qinghua Lu , Xiwei Xu , H. M. N. Dilum Bandara , Shiping Chen , Liming Zhu

The emergence of quantum computing presents a formidable challenge to the security of blockchain systems. Traditional cryptographic algorithms, foundational to digital signatures, message encryption, and hashing functions, become vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yaser Baseri , Abdelhakim Hafid , Yahya Shahsavari , Dimitrios Makrakis , Hassan Khodaiemehr

Half a decade after Bitcoin became the first widely used cryptocurrency, blockchains are receiving considerable interest from industry and the research community. Modern blockchains feature services such as name registration and smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Luke Anderson , Ralph Holz , Alexander Ponomarev , Paul Rimba , Ingo Weber

Ethereum smart contracts are executable programs deployed on a blockchain. Once deployed, they cannot be updated due to their inherent immutability. Moreover, they often manage valuable assets that are worth millions of dollars, making them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Konrad Weiss , Christof Ferreira Torres , Florian Wendland

Smart contracts are immutable, verifiable, and autonomous pieces of code that can be deployed and ran on blockchain networks like Ethereum. Due to the immutability nature of blockchain, no change is possible on a deployed smart contract or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-25 Erfan Andesta , Fathiyeh Faghih , Mahdi Fooladgar

The blockchain technology promises to transform finance, money and even governments. However, analyses of blockchain applicability and robustness typically focus on isolated systems whose actors contribute mainly by running the consensus…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-04-09 Manlio De Domenico , Andrea Baronchelli

Context: Blockchain technology has drawn growing attention in the literature and in practice. Blockchain technology generates considerable amounts of data and has thus been a topic of interest for Machine Learning (ML). Objective: The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Georgios Palaiokrassas , Sarah Bouraga , Leandros Tassiulas

Blockchain was mainly introduced for secure transactions in connection with the mining of cryptocurrency Bitcoin. This article discusses the fundamental concepts of blockchain technology and its components, such as block header,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Sunil Kumar Singh , Sumit Kumar

Blockchain and blockchain-based decentralized applications are attracting increasing attentions recently. In public blockchain systems, users usually connect to third-party peers or run a peer to join the P2P blockchain network. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Peilin Zheng , Zibin Zheng , Liang Chen

In this paper we describe the design components of the heterogenous multi-chain protocol Polkadot and explain how these components help Polkadot address some of the existing shortcomings of blockchain technologies. At present, a vast number…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools across various domains within cyber security. Notably, recent studies are increasingly exploring LLMs applied to the context of blockchain security (BS). However, there remains a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zheyuan He , Zihao Li , Sen Yang , He Ye , Ao Qiao , Xiaosong Zhang , Xiapu Luo , Ting Chen

The continuing expansion of the blockchain ecosystems has attracted much attention from the research community. However, although a large number of research studies have been proposed to understand the diverse characteristics of individual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Ningyu He , Weihang Su , Zhou Yu , Xinyu Liu , Fengyi Zhao , Haoyu Wang , Xiapu Luo , Gareth Tyson , Lei Wu , Yao Guo

Blockchain smart contracts have emerged as a transformative force in the digital realm, spawning a diverse range of compelling applications. Since solidity smart contracts across various domains manage trillions of dollars in virtual coins,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Zhiyuan Wei , Xianhao Zhang , Jing Sun , Zijian Zhang , Liehuang Zhu

As a disruptive technology, blockchain, particularly its original form of bitcoin as a type of digital currency, has attracted great attentions. The innovative distributed decision making and security mechanism lay the technical foundation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-21 Ameer Tamoor Khan , Xinwei Cao , Shuai Li

The Blockchain and the programs running on it, called Smart Contracts, are more and more applied in all fields requiring trust and strong certifications. In this work we compare public and permissioned blockchains for industrial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Lodovica Marchesi , Michele Marchesi , Roberto Tonelli