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Causal inference quantifies cause-effect relationships by estimating counterfactual parameters from data. This entails using \emph{identification theory} to establish a link between counterfactual parameters of interest and distributions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-17 Jaron J. R. Lee , Ilya Shpitser

We are interested in learning causal relationships between pairs of random variables, purely from observational data. To effectively address this task, the state-of-the-art relies on strong assumptions regarding the mechanisms mapping…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-09-16 David Lopez-Paz , Krikamol Muandet , Benjamin Recht

Despite the major advances taken in causal modeling, causality is still an unfamiliar topic for many statisticians. In this paper, it is demonstrated from the beginning to the end how causal effects can be estimated from observational data…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-07-03 Juha Karvanen

Understanding causal relations is vital in scientific discovery. The process of causal structure learning involves identifying causal graphs from observational data to understand such relations. Usually, a central server performs this task,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zhaoyu Wang , Pingchuan Ma , Shuai Wang

Learning causal relationships between pairs of complex traits from observational studies is of great interest across various scientific domains. However, most existing methods assume the absence of unmeasured confounding and restrict causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-17 Wei Li , Rui Duan , Sai Li

Inferring the causal structure underlying stochastic dynamical systems from observational data holds great promise in domains ranging from science and health to finance. Such processes can often be accurately modeled via stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Georg Manten , Cecilia Casolo , Emilio Ferrucci , Søren Wengel Mogensen , Cristopher Salvi , Niki Kilbertus

Causal discovery from observational data is a challenging task that can only be solved up to a set of equivalent solutions, called an equivalence class. Such classes, which are often large in size, encode uncertainties about the orientation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Philippe Brouillard , Perouz Taslakian , Alexandre Lacoste , Sebastien Lachapelle , Alexandre Drouin

Mastering the dynamics of social influence requires separating, in a database of information propagation traces, the genuine causal processes from temporal correlation, i.e., homophily and other spurious causes. However, most studies to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Francesco Bonchi , Francesco Gullo , Bud Mishra , Daniele Ramazzotti

Reconstructing the causal relationships behind the phenomena we observe is a fundamental challenge in all areas of science. Discovering causal relationships through experiments is often infeasible, unethical, or expensive in complex…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-09 Christian Reiser

Causal processes in nature may contain cycles, and real datasets may violate causal sufficiency as well as contain selection bias. No constraint-based causal discovery algorithm can currently handle cycles, latent variables and selection…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-08 Eric V. Strobl

To draw scientifically meaningful conclusions and build reliable models of quantitative phenomena, cause and effect must be taken into consideration (either implicitly or explicitly). This is particularly challenging when the measurements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Max A. Little , Reham Badawy

We propose a novel approach for learning causal response representations. Our method aims to extract directions in which a multidimensional outcome is most directly caused by a treatment variable. By bridging conditional independence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-07 Homer Durand , Gherardo Varando , Gustau Camps-Valls

The discovery of causal relationships from high-dimensional data is a major open problem in bioinformatics. Machine learning and feature attribution models have shown great promise in this context but lack causal interpretation. Here, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Payam Dibaeinia , Saurabh Sinha

The subject of this paper is the elucidation of effects of actions from causal assumptions represented as a directed graph, and statistical knowledge given as a probability distribution. In particular, we are interested in predicting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Ilya Shpitser , Judea Pearl

Identification of causal direction between a causal-effect pair from observed data has recently attracted much attention. Various methods based on functional causal models have been proposed to solve this problem, by assuming the causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Ruichu Cai , Jie Qiao , Kun Zhang , Zhenjie Zhang , Zhifeng Hao

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using machine learning techniques for the estimation of treatment effects. Most of the best-performing methods rely on representation learning strategies that encourage shared behavior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Roger Pros , Jordi Vitrià

Statistical learning relies upon data sampled from a distribution, and we usually do not care what actually generated it in the first place. From the point of view of causal modeling, the structure of each distribution is induced by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Giambattista Parascandolo , Niki Kilbertus , Mateo Rojas-Carulla , Bernhard Schölkopf

We introduce a new Collaborative Causal Discovery problem, through which we model a common scenario in which we have multiple independent entities each with their own causal graph, and the goal is to simultaneously learn all these causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Raghavendra Addanki , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan

The problem of inferring the direct causal parents of a response variable among a large set of explanatory variables is of high practical importance in many disciplines. Recent work exploits stability of regression coefficients or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-07 Anant Raj , Luigi Gresele , Michel Besserve , Bernhard Schölkopf , Stefan Bauer

We provide a conceptual map to navigate causal analysis problems. Focusing on the case of discrete random variables, we consider the case of causal effect estimation from observational data. The presented approaches apply also to continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-06 Finnian Lattimore , Cheng Soon Ong