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Given their widespread usage in the real world, the fairness of clustering methods has become of major interest. Theoretical results on fair clustering show that fairness enjoys transitivity: given a set of small and fair clusters, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Mattia Setzu , Riccardo Guidotti

We study a variant of classical clustering formulations in the context of algorithmic fairness, known as diversity-aware clustering. In this variant we are given a collection of facility subsets, and a solution must contain at least a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Suhas Thejaswi , Ameet Gadekar , Bruno Ordozgoiti , Michal Osadnik

With rapidly increasing data, clustering algorithms are important tools for data analytics in modern research. They have been successfully applied to a wide range of domains; for instance, bioinformatics, speech recognition, and financial…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-12-01 Ka-Chun Wong

A clustering may be considered as fair on pre-specified sensitive attributes if the proportions of sensitive attribute groups in each cluster reflect that in the dataset. In this paper, we consider the task of fair clustering for scenarios…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Savitha Sam Abraham , Deepak P , Sowmya S Sundaram

Clustering is a fundamental task in machine learning and data analysis, but it frequently fails to provide fair representation for various marginalized communities defined by multiple protected attributes -- a shortcoming often caused by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Diptarka Chakraborty , Kushagra Chatterjee , Debarati Das , Tien-Long Nguyen

We study the question of fair clustering under the {\em disparate impact} doctrine, where each protected class must have approximately equal representation in every cluster. We formulate the fair clustering problem under both the $k$-center…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-19 Flavio Chierichetti , Ravi Kumar , Silvio Lattanzi , Sergei Vassilvitskii

We study the problem of finding low-cost Fair Clusterings in data where each data point may belong to many protected groups. Our work significantly generalizes the seminal work of Chierichetti et.al. (NIPS 2017) as follows. - We allow the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Suman K. Bera , Deeparnab Chakrabarty , Nicolas J. Flores , Maryam Negahbani

Due to the growing concern about unsavory behaviors of machine learning models toward certain demographic groups, the notion of 'fairness' has recently drawn much attention from the community, thereby motivating the study of fairness in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Minh Phu Vuong , Young-Ju Lee , Iván Ojeda-Ruiz , Chul-Ho Lee

Optimizing prediction accuracy can come at the expense of fairness. Towards minimizing discrimination against a group, fair machine learning algorithms strive to equalize the behavior of a model across different groups, by imposing a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-17 Hongyan Chang , Ta Duy Nguyen , Sasi Kumar Murakonda , Ehsan Kazemi , Reza Shokri

In this paper we explore the challenges and strategies for enhancing the robustness of $k$-means clustering algorithms against adversarial manipulations. We evaluate the vulnerability of clustering algorithms to adversarial attacks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Rollin Omari , Junae Kim , Paul Montague

We show that the popular k-means clustering algorithm (Lloyd's heuristic), used for a variety of scientific data, can result in outcomes that are unfavorable to subgroups of data (e.g., demographic groups). Such biased clusterings can have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Mehrdad Ghadiri , Samira Samadi , Santosh Vempala

Fairness in algorithmic decision-making is often framed in terms of individual fairness, which requires that similar individuals receive similar outcomes. A system violates individual fairness if there exists a pair of inputs differing only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ranit Debnath Akash , Ashish Kumar , Verya Monjezi , Ashutosh Trivedi , Gang , Tan , Saeid Tizpaz-Niari

Research in fair machine learning, and particularly clustering, has been crucial in recent years given the many ethical controversies that modern intelligent systems have posed. Ahmadian et al. [2020] established the study of fairness in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Marina Knittel , Max Springer , John Dickerson , MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi

Deep clustering has the potential to learn a strong representation and hence better clustering performance compared to traditional clustering methods such as $k$-means and spectral clustering. However, this strong representation learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Hongjing Zhang , Ian Davidson

The study of algorithmic fairness received growing attention recently. This stems from the awareness that bias in the input data for machine learning systems may result in discriminatory outputs. For clustering tasks, one of the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Katrin Casel , Tobias Friedrich , Martin Schirneck , Simon Wietheger

Fair clustering has become a socially significant task with the advancement of machine learning technologies and the growing demand for trustworthy AI. Group fairness ensures that the proportions of each sensitive group are similar in all…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-17 Jihu Lee , Kunwoong Kim , Yongdai Kim

Capacitated fair-range $k$-clustering generalizes classical $k$-clustering by incorporating both capacity constraints and demographic fairness. In this setting, each facility has a capacity limit and may belong to one or more demographic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Ameet Gadekar , Suhas Thejaswi

Experimental evaluation is a major research methodology for investigating clustering algorithms and many other machine learning algorithms. For this purpose, a number of benchmark datasets have been widely used in the literature and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Tiantian Zhang , Li Zhong , Bo Yuan

Fair clustering is the process of grouping similar entities together, while satisfying a mathematically well-defined fairness metric as a constraint. Due to the practical challenges in precise model specification, the prescribed fairness…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-09 Sainyam Galhotra , Sandhya Saisubramanian , Shlomo Zilberstein

Cluster analysis is a fundamental problem in data mining and machine learning. In recent years, multi-view clustering has attracted increasing attention due to its ability to integrate complementary information from multiple views. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Mudi Jiang , Jiahui Zhou , Lianyu Hu , Xinying Liu , Zengyou He , Zhikui Chen