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Related papers: Law Smells: Defining and Detecting Problematic Pat…

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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential for domain-specific applications, such as the law domain. However, recent disputes over GPT-4's law evaluation raise questions concerning their performance in real-world legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Ruihao Shui , Yixin Cao , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

The low cost and rapid provisioning capabilities have made open-source cloud a desirable platform to launch industrial applications. However, as open-source cloud moves towards maturity, it still suffers from quality issues like code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Raj Narendra Shah , Sameer Ahmed Mohamed , Asif Imran , Tevfik Kosar

Test smells are defined as sub-optimal design choices developers make when implementing test cases. Hence, similar to code smells, the research community has produced numerous test smell detection tools to investigate the impact of test…

This report addresses the challenge of limited labeled datasets for developing legal recommender systems, particularly in specialized domains like labor disputes. We propose a new approach leveraging the co-citation of legal articles within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Chao-Lin Liu , Po-Hsien Wu , Yi-Ting Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly integrated into legal applications, including judicial decision support, legal practice assistance, and public-facing legal services. While LLMs show strong potential in handling legal…

Generative language models (LMs) are increasingly used for document class-prediction tasks and promise enormous improvements in cost and efficiency. Existing research often examines simple classification tasks, but the capability of LMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Rosamond Thalken , Edward H. Stiglitz , David Mimno , Matthew Wilkens

The rapid integration of large language models (LLMs) into high-stakes legal work has exposed a critical gap: no benchmark exists to systematically stress-test their reliability against the nuanced, adversarial, and often subtle flaws…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Manan Roy Choudhury , Adithya Chandramouli , Mannan Anand , Vivek Gupta

Clause recommendation is the problem of recommending a clause to a legal contract, given the context of the contract in question and the clause type to which the clause should belong. With not much prior work being done toward the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Sagar Joshi , Sumanth Balaji , Jerrin Thomas , Aparna Garimella , Vasudeva Varma

Users often struggle to locate an item within an information architecture, particularly when links are ambiguous or deeply nested in hierarchies. Information scent has been used to explain why users select incorrect links, but this concept…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Xiaofu Jin , Yunpeng Bai , Antti Oulasvirta

Similarly to production code, code smells also occur in test code, where they are called test smells. Test smells have a detrimental effect not only on test code but also on the production code that is being tested. To date, the majority of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Tongjie Wang , Yaroslav Golubev , Oleg Smirnov , Jiawei Li , Timofey Bryksin , Iftekhar Ahmed

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various NLP tasks and have recently expanded their impact to coding tasks, bridging the gap between natural languages (NL) and programming languages (PL). This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Nishat Raihan , Christian Newman , Marcos Zampieri

To detect plagiarism of any form, it is essential to have broad knowledge of its possible forms and classes, and existence of various tools and systems for its detection. Based on impact or severity of damages, plagiarism may occur in an…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-01-22 Hussain A Chowdhury , Dhruba K Bhattacharyya

Model hallucination is one of the most critical challenges faced by Large Language Models (LLMs), especially in high-stakes code intelligence tasks. As LLMs become increasingly integrated into software engineering tasks, understanding and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Cuiyun Gao , Guodong Fan , Chun Yong Chong , Shizhan Chen , Chao Liu , David Lo , Zibin Zheng , Qing Liao

The difficulties of automatic extraction of definitions and methods from scientific documents lie in two aspects: (1) the complexity and diversity of natural language texts, which requests an analysis method to support the discovery of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Yutian Sun , Hai Zhuge

We analyse so-called computable laws, i.e., laws that can be enforced by automatic procedures. These laws should be logically perfect and unambiguous, but sometimes they are not. We use a regulation on road transport to illustrate this…

Context: Code smells are considered symptoms of poor design, leading to future problems, such as reduced maintainability. Except for anecdotal cases (e. g. code dropout), a code smell survives until it gets explicitly refactored or removed.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Américo Rio , Fernando Brito e Abreu

Manual testing, in which testers follow natural language instructions to validate system behavior, remains crucial for uncovering issues not easily captured by automation. However, these test cases often suffer from test smells, quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Keila Lucas , Rohit Gheyi , Márcio Ribeiro , Fabio Palomba , Luana Martins , Elvys Soares

Refactorings are transformations to improve the code design without changing overall functionality and observable behavior. During the refactoring process of smelly test code, practitioners may struggle to identify refactoring candidates…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Luana Martins , Denivan Campos , Railana Santana , Joselito Mota Junior , Heitor Costa , Ivan Machado

Duplicated code or code clones are a kind of code smell that have both positive and negative impacts on the development and maintenance of software systems. Software clone research in the past mostly focused on the detection and analysis of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Chanchal K. Roy , Minhaz F. Zibran , Rainer Koschke

Unit testing is an essential component of the software development life-cycle. A developer could easily and quickly catch and fix software faults introduced in the source code by creating and running unit tests. Despite their importance,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Denivan Campos , Larissa Rocha , Ivan Machado