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Self-attention mechanisms are foundational to Transformer architectures, supporting their impressive success in a wide range of tasks. While there are many self-attention variants, their robustness to noise and spurious correlations has not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Camilo Tamayo-Rousseau , Yunjia Zhao , Yiqun Zhang , Randall Balestriero

SoftMax is a ubiquitous ingredient of modern machine learning algorithms. It maps an input vector onto a probability simplex and reweights the input by concentrating the probability mass at large entries. Yet, as a smooth approximation to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Yuxuan Zhou , Mario Fritz , Margret Keuper

Vision transformers have demonstrated remarkable success in classification by leveraging global self-attention to capture long-range dependencies. However, this same mechanism can obscure fine-grained spatial details crucial for tasks such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Sina Hajimiri , Farzad Beizaee , Fereshteh Shakeri , Christian Desrosiers , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz

As the core operator of Transformers, Softmax Attention exhibits excellent global modeling capabilities. However, its quadratic complexity limits its applicability to vision tasks. In contrast, Linear Attention shares a similar formulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Qihang Fan , Huaibo Huang , Yuang Ai , Ran He

Deploying Vision Transformers (ViTs) on near-sensor analog accelerators demands training pipelines that are explicitly aligned with device-level noise and energy constraints. We introduce a compact framework for silicon-photonic execution…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xuming Chen , Deniz Najafi , Chengwei Zhou , Pietro Mercati , Arman Roohi , Mohsen Imani , Mahdi Nikdast , Shaahin Angizi , Gourav Datta

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is the go-to compression technique for large generative models, such as stable diffusion or large language models. PTQ methods commonly keep the softmax activation in higher precision as it has been shown to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Nilesh Prasad Pandey , Marios Fournarakis , Chirag Patel , Markus Nagel

Transformers' quadratic computational complexity limits their scalability despite remarkable performance. While linear attention reduces this to linear complexity, pre-training such models from scratch remains, in most cases, prohibitively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Martin Benfeghoul , Teresa Delgado , Adnan Oomerjee , Haitham Bou Ammar , Jun Wang , Zafeirios Fountas

Very high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing (RS) image classification is the fundamental task for RS image analysis and understanding. Recently, transformer-based models demonstrated outstanding potential for learning high-order contextual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Yan Zhang , Xiyuan Gao , Qingyan Duan , Jiaxu Leng , Xiao Pu , Xinbo Gao

Diffusion Transformers (DiT) have become the de-facto model for generating high-quality visual content like videos and images. A huge bottleneck is the attention mechanism where complexity scales quadratically with resolution and video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Ruichen Chen , Keith G. Mills , Liyao Jiang , Chao Gao , Di Niu

Vision transformer has emerged as a new paradigm in computer vision, showing excellent performance while accompanied by expensive computational cost. Image token pruning is one of the main approaches for ViT compression, due to the facts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Xiangcheng Liu , Tianyi Wu , Guodong Guo

Currently, lightweight hybrid backbone networks have partially alleviated the issue of computational saturation, but the imbalance in computational efficiencys between convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and attention mechanisms is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Fengyun Li , Chao Zheng , Yangyang Fang , Jialiang Lan , Jianhua Liang , Luhao Zhang , Fa Si

Although quantization for linear layers has been widely used, its application to accelerate the attention process remains limited. To further enhance the efficiency of attention computation compared to SageAttention while maintaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jintao Zhang , Haofeng Huang , Pengle Zhang , Jia Wei , Jun Zhu , Jianfei Chen

Transformers have recently shown superior performances on various vision tasks. The large, sometimes even global, receptive field endows Transformer models with higher representation power over their CNN counterparts. Nevertheless, simply…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Zhuofan Xia , Xuran Pan , Shiji Song , Li Erran Li , Gao Huang

Vision Transformers (ViTs) mark a revolutionary advance in neural networks with their token mixer's powerful global context capability. However, the pairwise token affinity and complex matrix operations limit its deployment on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Tianfang Zhang , Lei Li , Yang Zhou , Wentao Liu , Chen Qian , Jenq-Neng Hwang , Xiangyang Ji

Linear attention reduces the quadratic cost of softmax attention to $\mathcal{O}(T)$, but its memory state grows as $\mathcal{O}(T)$ in Frobenius norm, causing progressive interference between stored associations. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Vishal Pandey , Gopal Singh

Recently, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have attracted a lot of attention in the field of computer vision. Generally, the powerful representative capacity of ViTs mainly benefits from the self-attention mechanism, which has a high computation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Deli Yu , Teng Xi , Jianwei Li , Baopu Li , Gang Zhang , Haocheng Feng , Junyu Han , Jingtuo Liu , Errui Ding , Jingdong Wang

Linear attentions have shown potential for improving Transformer efficiency, reducing attention's quadratic complexity to linear in sequence length. This holds exciting promise for (1) training linear Transformers from scratch, (2)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Michael Zhang , Kush Bhatia , Hermann Kumbong , Christopher Ré

Contemporary diffusion models built upon U-Net or Diffusion Transformer (DiT) architectures have revolutionized image generation through transformer-based attention mechanisms. The prevailing paradigm has commonly employed self-attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-01 ZiYi Dong , Chengxing Zhou , Weijian Deng , Pengxu Wei , Xiangyang Ji , Liang Lin

Vision Transformers (ViT) have shown their competitive advantages performance-wise compared to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) though they often come with high computational costs. To this end, previous methods explore different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Cong Wei , Brendan Duke , Ruowei Jiang , Parham Aarabi , Graham W. Taylor , Florian Shkurti

This paper introduces ConvShareViT, a novel deep learning architecture that adapts Vision Transformers (ViTs) to the 4f free-space optical system. ConvShareViT replaces linear layers in multi-head self-attention (MHSA) and Multilayer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Riad Ibadulla , Thomas M. Chen , Constantino Carlos Reyes-Aldasoro