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Let $M = \left(\begin{matrix} 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 \end{matrix}\right)$ be a $2 \times 2$ Jordan block with eigenvalue $1$, and let $\mathcal{D} = \{\left(\begin{smallmatrix}0 \\ 1 \end{smallmatrix}\right), \left(\begin{smallmatrix} 0 \\ -1…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Adam Blažek , Kevin G. Hare , Edita Pelantová

Let $M_n$ be the algebra of $n \times n$ complex matrices. We consider arbitrary subalgebras $\mathcal{A}$ of $M_n$ which contain the algebra of all upper-triangular matrices (i.e.\ block upper-triangular subalgebras), and their Jordan…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-10-22 Ilja Gogić , Tatjana Petek , Mateo Tomašević

We announce here a number of results concerning representation theory of the algebra $R=k<x,y>/ (xy-yx-y^2)$, known as Jordan plane (or Jordan algebra). We consider the question on 'classification' of finite-dimensional modules over the…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2012-09-05 N. Iyudu

We describe the complete set of pairwise non-isomorphic irreducible modules S(a) over the algebra R given by the defining relation xy-yx=yy, and the rule how they could be glued to indecomposables. Namely, we show that Ext_k^1(S(a),S(b))=0,…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2008-02-13 N. Iyudu

A special class of Jordan algebras over a field $F$ of characteristic zero is considered. Such an algebra consists of an $r$-dimensional subspace of the vector space of all square matrices of a fixed order $n$ over $F$. It contains the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-15 Mikhail Klin , Mikhail Muzychuk , Sven Reichard

Let $M_n(\mathbb{F})$ be the algebra of $n \times n$ matrices over a field $\mathbb{F}$ of characteristic not equal to $2$. If $n\ge 2$, we show that an arbitrary map $\phi : M_n(\mathbb{F}) \to M_n(\mathbb{F})$ is Jordan multiplicative,…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Ilja Gogić , Mateo Tomašević

To represent real $m$-dimensional vectors, a positional vector system given by a non-singular matrix $M \in \mathbb{Z}^{m \times m}$ and a digit set $\mathcal{D} \subset \mathbb{Z}^m$ is used. If $m = 1$, the system coincides with the well…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Izabella Ingrid Farkas , Edita Pelantová , Milena Svobodová

We completely characterize the higher rank numerical range of the matrices of the form $J_n(\alpha)\oplus\beta I_m$, where $J_n(\alpha)$ is the $n\times n$ Jordan block with eigenvalue $\alpha$. Our characterization allows us to obtain…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-30 Martin Argerami , Saleh Mustafa

We define radix representations for vectors in Z^n analogously with radix representations in Z, and give a sufficient condition for a matrix A:Z^n -> Z^n to yield a radix representation with a given canonical digit set. We relate our…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-02-23 Eva Curry

Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a field of characteristic different from $2$, and let $M_n(\mathbb{K})$ be the algebra of all $n\times n$ matrices over $\mathbb{K}$. We consider the corresponding special Jordan algebra $\mathcal{A}:=M_n(\mathbb{K})^+$…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Ilja Gogić , Matija Kazalicki , Mateo Tomašević

In a multi-base representation of an integer (in contrast to, for example, the binary or decimal representation) the base (or radix) is replaced by products of powers of single bases. The resulting numeral system has desirable properties…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-10 Daniel Krenn , Dimbinaina Ralaivaosaona , Stephan Wagner

Let $K$ be a field (finite or infinite) of char$(K)\neq 2$ and let $UT_n=UT_n(K)$ be the $n\times n$ upper triangular matrix algebra over $K$. If $\cdot $ is the usual product on $UT_n$ then with the new product $a\circ b=(1/2)(a\cdot b…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-11-24 Dimas J. Gonçalves , Mateus E. Salomão

The Jacobson Coordinatization Theorem describes the structure of unitary Jordan algebras containing the algebra $H_n(F)$ of symmetric nxn matrices over a field F with the same identity element, for $n\geq 3$. In this paper we extend the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Jesús Laliena , Victor López Solís , Ivan Shestakov

We show that any $m\times m$ matrix $M$ with integer entries and $\det M =\Delta \neq 0$ can be equipped by a finite digit set $\mathcal{D}\subset\mathbb{Z}^m$ such that any integer $m$-dimensional vector belongs to the set $$ {\rm…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-04 Edita Pelantová , Tomáš Vávra

We present an algorithm to compute the Jordan chain of a nearly defective matrix with a $2\times2$ Jordan block. The algorithm is based on an inverse-iteration procedure and only needs information about the invariant subspace corresponding…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-04-25 Felipe Hernández , Adi Pick , Steven G. Johnson

The Jordan algebra of the symmetric matrices of order two over a field $K$ has two natural gradings by $\mathbb{Z}_2$, the cyclic group of order 2. We describe the graded polynomial identities for these two gradings when the base field is…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-09-08 Plamen Koshlukov , Diogo Diniz P. S. Silva

The question of matrix similarity is a classical one in linear algebra. For a field $\mathbb{F}$ and some positive integer $n \in \mathbb{N}$, one may consider the following problems: 1. Given two matrices $A, B \in \mathrm{GL}(n,…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Alia Bonnet

We obtain the generic real Jordan canonical forms for $n\times n$ matrices with real entries. More precisely, we prove that the set of $n\times n$ real matrices is the union of the closures of $\lfloor n/2\rfloor+1$ sets, which are called…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Fernando De Terán , Froilán M. Dopico

We continue the study undertaken in [13] of the relevance of the exceptional Jordan algebra $J^8_3$ of hermitian $3\times 3$ octonionic matrices for the description of the internal space of the fundamental fermions of the Standard Model…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-12-26 Michel Dubois-Violette , Ivan Todorov

We investigate an analogue to the Wedderburn Principal Theorem (WPT) for a finite-dimensional Jordan superalgebra $J$ with solvable radical $N$ such that $N^2=0$ and $J/N\cong JP_n$, $n\geq 3$. We consider $N$ as an irreducible…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-01-22 F. A. Gomez Gonzalez , J. A. Ramirez Bermudez
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